Dr Paul Cole
Profiles

Dr Paul Cole

Associate Professor of Volcanology

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences (Faculty of Science and Engineering)

Biography

Biography

2017 - present - Associate Professor in Volcanology, Plymouth University

2013-2017 - Lecturer in Geohazards, Plymouth University

2009-2012 - Director, Montserrat Volcano Observatory, for University of the West Indies.

2002 - 2009 - Senior Lecturer in Natural Hazards, Coventry University.

1995 - 2002 - Research Fellow, Lecturer and Senior Lecturer - University of Luton.

1993 -1994 - Post doc on the EU framework 5 project on Furnas volcano, Sao Miguel in the Azores, based at University College London.

1991 - 1992 - Royal Society Post Doc at the Dip Geofisica and Vulcanologia, Universita di Napoli, Italy working on the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff, caldera forming eruption of Campi Flegrei, and also Volcanic hazards in the city of Naples.



Qualifications

BSc Geology 1986 (Derby) 

PhD 1990 (Luton) 

Teaching

Teaching

Teaching interests

I am module leader for:

  • GEOL 3007 Igneous and Volcanic processes
  • GEOL 3008 Advanced Geological Fieldwork
  • GEOL 5002 Advanced Fieldwork

I also contribute to:

  • GEOL 1001 Dynamic Earth
  • GEOL 1002 Earth Materials
  • GEOL 2011 Petrology and Volcanology
  • GEOL3001 Geological Mapping Research Project and Professional Skills
  • GEOL 3006 Geological Information Systems and Remote Sensing
  • GEOL5001 Geoscience Frontiers: Research and Communication
  • GEOL 5004 MGEOL Project
Programme Lead for Earth Sciences 2016 -2020 


Staff serving as external examiners

MSc Volcanology - University of Bristol 2016-2021

MSc Geophysical Hazards - University College London 2014-2019

Research

Research

Research interests

My research has focused largely on explosive volcanism and its products. In recent years I have worked on active volcanoes, combining observational and geophysical data together with study of the products to provide a greater understanding of mechanisms and processes in these complex and fascinating phenomena:       

  • Emplacement mechanisms of the deposits of various types of Pyroclastic Density Currents (PDCs), ranging from ignimbrites to relatively small volume PDCs e.g. at Arenal volcano and Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat.
  • Processes associated with explosive eruptions, including complex multiphase sub-plinian eruptions.particularly well documented examples where geophysical and observational data, together with samples of the products. 
  • Remobilisation of tephra as lahars and their emplacement mechanisms.                           
  • Geomorphological development of volcanic terrains and study them using various techniques including remote sensing and GIS.           
  • Hazard and risk posed by volcanoes, particularly exploring ways of mapping and communicating hazard and risk using GIS. 

Research degrees awarded to supervised students

Currently Supervising 

  • Amy Peach (Director of Studies) 'Historic and prehistoric volcanic activity at St Kitts and Nevis, West Indies: Controls on future hazard'
  • Symeon Makris (2nd Supervisor) 'Propagation of volcanic and non-volcanic landslide: a combined field, experimental and numerical approach'
Completed
  • Lara Mani PhD 2018 Plymouth University (Director of Studies)' 3D visualisation of volcanic hazards" - creating a volcanic hazards education tool using the concept of serious games'  
  • Jon Stone PhD 2016 University of East Anglia (third supervisor) - Community monitoring of Volcanic Hazards. 
  • Mel Froude PhD 2014 University of East Anglia -(third supervisor) Lahars on Montserrat, West Indies 
  • Delioma Oramas Dorta PhD 2009 Coventry University (Director of Studies) 3D terrain modelling and volcanic hazard assesment at Arenal volcano, Costa Rica.
  • Odeh El Mashan PhD 2006 Coventry University (Second supervisor) A GIS methodology for Landfill site Location
  • Stuart Dunning PhD 2004 University of Luton (Director of Studies) Rock Avalanches
  • Lucy Ritchie PhD 2001 University of Luton (Director of Studies) Field and Experimental Studies of Pyroclastic Density Currents and their associated deposits
  • Chris Dibben PhD 1999 University of Luton (third supervisor).

Grants & contracts

  • 2021 NERC Urgency 61,000 La Soufriere 2021: Recharge, remobilisation or complete renewal of a magmatic system Co-PI
  • 2019 NERC Urgency £63,000– Tsunamigenic mass flows at Stromboli Volcano- analysis and modelling after the 3rd of July events Co-PI
  • 2014 - NERC NCRF  £7000 'Eruption frequency at Soufriere, St Vincent' PI
  • 2013 - NERC Urgency £51,817  'Explosive activity at Volcán de Colima, México - Extrusion rates and eruption mechanisms' PI
  • 2012 - NERC/ESRC Project partner in  'Strengthening Resilience in Volcanic Areas' (STREVA) 2012-2016
  • 2002-2006 EU Fr 7 191k Euro 'EXPLORIS EXPLOSIVE ERUPTION RISK AND DECISION SUPPORT FOR EU POPULATIONS THREATENED BY VOLCANOES. Co-PI

Publications

Publications

Key publications

Key publications are highlighted

Journals
Articles
Phillips J, Barclay J, Cole P, Johnson M, Miller V & Robertson R (2023) 'Impacts and prospective hazard analysis of rainfall-triggered lahars on St. Vincent 2021–2022' Geological Society, London, Special Publications 539, (1) , DOI Open access
Constantinescu R, White JT, Connor C, Cole P, Fontijn K, Barclay J & Robertson R (2023) 'Estimation of eruption source parameters for the 2021 La Soufrière eruption (St. Vincent): implications for quantification of eruption magnitude on volcanic islands' Geological Society Special Publications , DOI Open access
Gueugneau V, Charbonnier S, Miller VL, Cole P, Grandin R & Dualeh EW (2023) 'Modelling pyroclastic density currents of the April 2021 La Soufrière St. Vincent eruption: from rapid invasion maps to field-constrained numerical simulations' Geological Society, London, Special Publications 539, (1) , DOI Open access
Makris S, Roverato M, Davila-Harris P, Cole P & Manzella I (2023) 'Distributed stress fluidisation: insights into the propagation mechanisms of the Abona debris avalanche (Tenerife) through a novel method for indurated deposit sedimentological analysis' Frontiers in Earth Science , DOI Open access
Frey HM, Manon MR, Barclay J, Davies BV, Walters SA, Cole PD, Christopher TE & Joseph EP (2023) 'Petrology of the explosive deposits from the April 2021 eruption of La Soufrière volcano, St Vincent: a time-series analysis of microlites' Geological Society, London, Special Publications 539, (1) , DOI Open access
Weber G, Blundy J, Barclay J, Pyle D, Cole P, Frey H, Manon M, Davies B & Cashman K (2023) 'Petrology of the 2020 2021 effusive to explosive eruption of La Soufriere volcano St Vincent: Insights into plumbling system architecture and magma assembly mechanism' Geological Society Special Publications , DOI Open access
Cole P, Barclay J, Robertson RAE, Davies B, Mitchell S, Constantinescu R, Sparks RSJ, Aspinall W & Stinton A (2023) 'Explosive sequence of La Soufrière St Vincent April 2021: insights into drivers and consequences via eruptive products' Geological Society Special Publications 539, , DOI Open access
Makris S, Roverato M, Lomoschitz A, Cole P & Manzella I (2023) 'The propagation and emplacement mechanisms of the Tenteniguada volcanic debris avalanche (Gran Canaria): Field evidence for brittle fault-accommodated spreading' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 435, , DOI Open access
Casalbore D, Di Traglia F, Romagnoli C, Favalli M, Gracchi T, Tacconi Stefanelli C, Nolesini T, Rossi G, Del Soldato M & Manzella I (2022) 'Integration of Remote Sensing and Offshore Geophysical Data for Monitoring the Short-Term Morphological Evolution of an Active Volcanic Flank: A Case Study from Stromboli Island' Remote Sensing 14, (18) , DOI Open access
Joseph EP, Camejo-Harry M, Christopher T, Contreras-Arratia R, Edwards S, Graham O, Johnson M, Juman A, Latchman JL & Lynch L (2022) 'Responding to eruptive transitions during the 2020–2021 eruption of La Soufrière volcano, St. Vincent' Nature Communications 13, (1) , DOI Open access
Di Traglia F, Fornaciai A, Casalbore D, Favalli M, Manzella I, Romagnoli C, Chiocci FL, Cole P, Nolesini T & Casagli N (2021) 'Subaerial-submarine morphological changes at Stromboli volcano (Italy) induced by the 2019–2020 eruptive activity' Geomorphology 400, , DOI Open access
Mani L, Tzachor A & Cole P (2021) 'Global catastrophic risk from lower magnitude volcanic eruptions' Nature Communications 12, (1) , DOI Open access
Fedele L, Cole PD, Scarpati C & Robertson REA (2021) 'Petrological insights on the last 1000 years of explosive activity at La Soufrière volcano, St. Vincent (Lesser Antilles)' Lithos 392-393, , DOI Open access
Makris S, Manzella I, Cole P & Roverato M (2020) 'Grain size distribution and sedimentology in volcanic mass-wasting flows: implications for propagation and mobility' International Journal of Earth Sciences , DOI Open access
Murch AP & Cole PD (2019) 'Using microlites to gain insights into ascent conditions of differing styles of volcanism at Soufrière Hills Volcano' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 384, 221-231 , DOI Open access
Cole PD, Robertson REA, Fedele L & Scarpati C (2019) 'Explosive activity of the last 1000 years at La Soufrière, St Vincent, Lesser Antilles' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 361, 86-100 , DOI Open access
Hatter SJ, Palmer MR, Gernon TM, Taylor RN, Cole PD, Barfod DN & Coussens M (2018) 'The Evolution of the Silver Hills Volcanic Center, and Revised 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of Montserrat, Lesser Antilles, With Implications for Island Arc Volcanism' GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS 19, (2) 427-452 , DOI Open access
Froude MJ, Alexander J, Barclay J & Cole P (2017) 'Interpreting flash flood palaeoflow parameters from antidunes and gravel lenses: An example from Montserrat, West Indies' Sedimentology , DOI Open access
Burns FA, Bonadonna C, Pioli L, Cole PD & Stinton A (2017) 'Ash aggregation during the 11 February 2010 partial dome collapse of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research , DOI Open access
Mani L, Cole PD & Stewart I (2016) 'Using video games for volcanic hazard education and communication: an assessment of the method and preliminary results' Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, (7) 1673-1689 , DOI Open access
Guest JE, Pacheco JM, Cole PD, Duncan AM, Wallenstein N, Queiroz G, Gaspar JL & Ferreira T (2015) 'Chapter 9 The volcanic history of Furnas Volcano, São Miguel, Azores' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 44, (1) 125-134 , DOI
Christopher TE, Blundy J, Cashman K, Cole P, Edmonds M, Smith PJ, Sparks RSJ & Stinton A (2015) 'Crustal‐scale degassing due to magma system destabilization and magma‐gas decoupling at <scp>S</scp>oufrière <scp>H</scp>ills <scp>V</scp>olcano, <scp>M</scp>ontserrat' Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 16, (9) 2797-2811 , DOI Open access
Cassidy M, Cole PD, Hicks KE, Varley NR, Peters N & Lerner AH (2015) 'Rapid and slow: Varying magma ascent rates as a mechanism for Vulcanian explosions' Earth and Planetary Science Letters 420, 73-84 , DOI Open access
Cole PD, Stinton AJ, Odbert HM, Bonadonna C & Stewart RC (2015) 'An inclined Vulcanian explosion and associated products' Journal of the Geological Society 172, (3) 287-293 , DOI Open access
Stone J, Barclay J, Simmons P, Cole PD, Loughlin SC, Ramón P & Mothes P (2014) 'Risk reduction through community-based monitoring: the vigías of Tungurahua, Ecuador' Journal of Applied Volcanology 3, (1) , DOI
Zhao J, Moretti L, Mangeney A, Stutzmann E, Kanamori H, Capdeville Y, Calder ES, Hibert C, Smith PJ & Cole P (2014) 'Model Space Exploration for Determining Landslide Source History from Long-Period Seismic Data' Pure and Applied Geophysics 172, (2) 389-413 , DOI
Hautmann S, Witham F, Christopher T, Cole P, Linde AT, Sacks IS & Sparks RSJ (2014) 'Strain field analysis on Montserrat (W.I.) as tool for assessing permeable flow paths in the magmatic system of Soufrière Hills Volcano' Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 15, (3) 676-690 , DOI Open access
Wadge G, Voight B, Sparks RSJ, Cole PD, Loughlin SC & Robertson REA (2014) 'Chapter 1 An overview of the eruption of Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 2000 to 2010' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 39, (1) 1-40 , DOI
Ogburn SE, Calder ES, Cole PD & Stinton AJ (2014) 'Chapter 10 The effect of topography on ash-cloud surge generation and propagation' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 39, (1) 179-194 , DOI Open access
Horwell CJ, Hillman SE, Cole PD, Loughlin SC, Llewellin EW, Damby DE & Christopher TE (2014) 'Chapter 21 Controls on variations in cristobalite abundance in ash generated by the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat in the period 1997 to 2010' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 39, (1) 399-406 , DOI Open access
Sword-Daniels V, Wilson TM, Sargeant S, Rossetto T, Twigg J, Johnston DM, Loughlin SC & Cole PD (2014) 'Chapter 26 Consequences of long-term volcanic activity for essential services in Montserrat: challenges, adaptations and resilience' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 39, (1) 471-488 , DOI Open access
Cole PD, Smith P, Komorowski J-C, Alfano F, Bonadonna C, Stinton A, Christopher T, Odbert HM & Loughlin S (2014) 'Chapter 4 Ash venting occurring both prior to and during lava extrusion at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, from 2005 to 2010' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 39, (1) 71-92 , DOI
Cole PD, Smith PJ, Stinton AJ, Odbert HM, Bernstein ML, Komorowski JC & Stewart R (2014) 'Chapter 5 Vulcanian explosions at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat between 2008 and 2010' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 39, (1) 93-111 , DOI
Stinton AJ, Cole PD, Odbert HM, Christopher T, Avard G & Bernstein M (2014) 'Chapter 6 Dome growth and valley fill during Phase 5 (8 October 2009–11 February 2010) at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 39, (1) 113-131 , DOI
Stinton AJ, Cole PD, Stewart RC, Odbert HM & Smith P (2014) 'Chapter 7 The 11 February 2010 partial dome collapse at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 39, (1) 133-152 , DOI
Delle Donne D, Ripepe M, De Angelis S, Cole PD, Lacanna G, Poggi P & Stewart R (2014) 'Chapter 9 Thermal, acoustic and seismic signals from pyroclastic density currents and Vulcanian explosions at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 39, (1) 169-178 , DOI Open access
Stone J, Barclay J, Simmons P, Cole PD, Loughlin SC, Ramón P & Mothes P (2014) 'Risk reduction through community-based monitoring: the' Journal of Applied Volcanology 3, (1) 11-11 , DOI
Cole PD (2013) 'Developing a simplified geographical information system approach to dilute lahar modelling for rapid hazard assessment' Bulletin of Volcanology , DOI
Lachowycz SM, Pyle DM, Mather TA, Varley NR, Odbert HM, Cole PD & Reyes-Davila GA (2013) 'Long-range correlations identified in time-series of volcano seismicity during dome-forming eruptions using detrended fluctuation analysis' JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH 264, 197-209 , DOI
Oramas-Dorta D, Cole PD, Wadge G, Alvarado GE & Soto GJ (2012) 'Pyroclastic flow hazard at Arenal volcano, Costa Rica: scenarios and assessment' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 247–248, (0) 74-92 Author Site , DOI
Oramas-Dorta D, Cole PD, Wadge G, Alvarado GE & Soto GJ (2012) 'Spatial and temporal controls on pyroclastic flow hazard at Arenal volcano, Costa Rica' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 225–226, (0) 45-64 Author Site , DOI
Darnell AR, Barclay J, Herd RA, Phillips JC, Lovett AA & Cole P (2012) 'Geographical information system approaches for hazard mapping of dilute lahars on Montserrat, West Indies' Bulletin of Volcanology 74, 1337-1353 , DOI
D'Oriano C, Cioni R, Bertagnini A, Andronico D & Cole PD (2011) 'Dynamics of ash-dominated eruptions at Vesuvius: the post-512 AD AS1a event' Bulletin of Volcanology 73, 699-715 , DOI
Wadge G, Cole P, Stinton A, Komorowski JC, Stewart R, Toombs AC & Legendre Y (2011) 'Rapid topographic change measured by high-resolution satellite radar at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, 2008–2010' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 199, (1–2) 142-152 Author Site , DOI
Cioni R, Bertagnini A, Andronico D, Cole PD & Mundula F (2011) 'The 512 AD eruption of Vesuvius: complex dynamics of a small scale subplinian event' Bulletin of Volcanology 73, 789-810 , DOI
Cole PD & Scarpati C (2010) 'The 1944 eruption of Vesuvius, Italy: combining contemporary accounts and field studies for a new volcanological reconstruction' Geological Magazine 147, 391-415 , DOI
Martí J, Aspinall WP, Sobradelo R, Felpeto A, Geyer A, Ortiz R, Baxter P, Cole P, Pacheco J & Blanco MJ (2008) 'A long-term volcanic hazard event tree for Teide-Pico Viejo stratovolcanoes (Tenerife, Canary Islands)' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 178, (3) 543-552 Author Site , DOI
Cole PD, Pacheco JM, Gunasekera R, Queiroz G, Gonçalves P & Gaspar JL (2008) 'Contrasting styles of explosive eruption at Sete Cidades, São Miguel, Azores, in the last 5000 years: Hazard implications from modelling' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 178, (3) 574-591 Author Site , DOI
Neri A, Aspinall WP, Cioni R, Bertagnini A, Baxter PJ, Zuccaro G, Andronico D, Barsotti S, Cole PD & Esposti Ongaro T (2008) 'Developing an Event Tree for probabilistic hazard and risk assessment at Vesuvius' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 178, (3) 397-415 Author Site , DOI
Barclay J, Haynes K, Mitchell T, Solana C, Teeuw R, Darnell A, Crosweller HS, Cole P, Pyle D & Lowe C (2008) 'Framing volcanic risk communication within disaster risk reduction: finding ways for the social and physical sciences to work together' Geological Society, London, Special Publications 305, (1) 163-177 , DOI
Toyos GP, Cole PD, Felpeto A & Marti J (2007) 'A GIS-based methodology for hazard mapping of small volume pyroclastic density currents' Natural Hazards 41, 99-112 , DOI
Wadge G, Oramas Dorta D & Cole PD (2006) 'The magma budget of Volcán Arenal, Costa Rica from 1980 to 2004' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 157, (1–3) 60-74 Author Site , DOI
Cole PD, Fernandez E, Duarte E & Duncan AM (2005) 'Explosive activity and generation mechanisms of pyroclastic flows at Arenal volcano, Costa Rica between 1987 and 2001' Bulletin of Volcanology 67, 695-716 , DOI
Baxter PJ, Boyle R, Cole P, Neri A, Spence R & Zuccaro GL (2005) 'The impacts of pyroclastic surges on buildings at the eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat' Bulletin of Volcanology 67, 292-313 , DOI
Cole PD, Calder ES, Sparks RSJ, Clarke AB, Druitt TH, Young SR, Herd RA, Harford CL & Norton GE (2002) 'Deposits from dome-collapse and fountain-collapse pyroclastic flows at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 21, (1) 231-262
Druitt TH, Young SR, Baptie B, Bonadonna C, Calder ES, Clarke AB, Cole PD, Harford CL, Herd RA & Luckett R (2002) 'Episodes of cyclic Vulcanian explosive activity with fountain collapse at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 21, (1) 281-306
Loughlin SC, Calder ES, Clarke A, Cole PD, Luckett R, Mangan MT, Pyle DM, Sparks RSJ, Voight B & Watts RB (2002) 'Pyroclastic flows and surges generated by the 25 June 1997 dome collapse, Sonfière Hills Volcano, Montserrat' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 21, (1) 191-209
Ritchie LJ, Cole PD & Sparks RSJ (2002) 'Sedimentology of deposits from the pyroclastic density current of 26 December 1997 at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 21, (1) 435-456
Druitt TH, Calder ES, Cole PD, Hoblitt RP, Loughlin SC, Norton GE, Ritchie LJ, Sparks RSJ & Voight B (2002) 'Small-volume, highly mobile pyroclastic flows formed by rapid sedimentation from pyroclastic surges at Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat: an important volcanic hazard' Geological Society, London, Memoirs 21, (1) 263-279
Cole PD, Guest JE, Duncan AM & Pacheco JM (2001) 'Capelinhos 1957-1958, Faial, Azores: deposits formed by an emergent surtseyan eruption' Bulletin of Volcanology 63, 204-220
Cole PD, Guest JE, Queiroz G, Wallenstein N, Pacheco JM, Gaspar JL, Ferreira T & Duncan AM (1999) 'Styles of volcanism and volcanic hazards on Furnas volcano, São Miguel, Azores' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 92, (1–2) 39-53 Author Site , DOI
Duncan AM, Queiroz G, Guest JE, Cole PD, Wallenstein N & Pacheco JM (1999) 'The Povoação Ignimbrite, Furnas Volcano, São Miguel, Azores' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 92, (1–2) 55-65 Author Site , DOI
Guest JE, Gaspar JL, Cole PD, Queiroz G, Duncan AM, Wallenstein N, Ferreira T & Pacheco JM (1999) 'Volcanic geology of Furnas Volcano, São Miguel, Azores' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 92, (1–2) 1-29 Author Site , DOI
Chester DK, Dibben C, Coutinho R, Duncan AM, Cole PD, Guest JE & Baxter PJ (1999) 'Human adjustments and social vulnerability to volcanic hazards: the case of Furnas Volcano, São Miguel, Açores' Geological Society, London, Special Publications 161, (1) 189-207
Voight B, Sparks RSJ, Miller AD, Stewart RC, Hoblitt RP, Clarke A, Ewart J, Aspinall WP, Baptie B & Calder ES (1999) 'Magma flow instability and cyclic activity at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, British West Indies' Science 283, 1138-1142
Calder ES, Cole PD, Dade WB, Druitt TH, Hoblitt RP, Huppert HE, Ritchie L, Sparks RSJ & Young SR (1999) 'Mobility of pyroclastic flows and surges at the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat' Geophysical Research Letters 26, 537-540
Sparks RSJ, Young SR, Barclay J, Calder ES, Cole P, Darroux B, Davies MA, Druitt TH, Harford C & Herd R (1998) 'Magma production and growth of the lava dome of the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies: November 1995 to December 1997' Geophysical Research Letters 25, 3421-3424
Cole PD, Calder ES, Druitt TH, Hoblitt R, Robertson R, Sparks RSJ & Young SR (1998) 'Pyroclastic flows generated by gravitational instability of the 1996-97 lava dome of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat' Geophysical Research Letters 25, 3425-3428
Robertson R, Cole P, Sparks RSJ, Harford C, Lejeune AM, McGuire WJ, Miller AD, Murphy MD, Norton G & Stevens NF (1998) 'The explosive eruption of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies, 17 September, 1996' Geophysical Research Letters 25, 3429-3432
Young SR, White R, Wadge G, Voight B, Toothill J, Stevens N, Stewart R, Stasiuk M, Sparks RSJ & Skerrit G (1997) 'The ongoing eruption in Montserrat' Science 276, 371-372
Cole PD, Queiroz G, Wallenstein N, Gaspar JL, Duncan AM & Guest JE (1995) 'An historic subplinian/phreatomagmatic eruption: the 1630 AD eruption of Furnas volcano, São Miguel, Azores' Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 69, (1–2) 117-135 Author Site , DOI
COLE P, PERROTTA A & SCARPATI C (1994) 'THE VOLCANIC HISTORY OF THE SOUTHWESTERN PART OF THE CITY OF NAPLES' Geological Magazine 131, 785-799
COLE P & SCARPATI C (1993) 'A FACIES INTERPRETATION OF THE ERUPTION AND EMPLACEMENT MECHANISMS OF THE UPPER PART OF THE NEAPOLITAN YELLOW TUFF, CAMPI FLEGREI, SOUTHERN ITALY' Bulletin of Volcanology 55, 311-326
COLE P, GUEST J & DUNCAN A (1993) 'THE EMPLACEMENT OF INTERMEDIATE VOLUME IGNIMBRITES - A CASE-STUDY FROM ROCCAMONFINA VOLCANO, SOUTHERN ITALY' Bulletin of Volcanology 55, 467-480
SCARPATI C, COLE P & PERROTTA A (1993) 'THE NEAPOLITAN YELLOW TUFF - A LARGE-VOLUME MULTIPHASE ERUPTION FROM CAMPI FLEGREI, SOUTHERN ITALY' Bulletin of Volcanology 55, 343-356
COLE P, GUEST J, DUNCAN A, CHESTER D & BIANCHI R (1992) 'POST-COLLAPSE VOLCANIC HISTORY OF CALDERAS ON A COMPOSITE-VOLCANO - AN EXAMPLE FROM ROCCAMONFINA, SOUTHERN ITALY' Bulletin of Volcanology 54, 253-266
COLE P (1991) 'MIGRATION DIRECTION OF SAND-WAVE STRUCTURES IN PYROCLASTIC-SURGE DEPOSITS - IMPLICATIONS FOR DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES' Geology 19, 1108-1111
Cole PD (1991) 'Migration direction of sand-wave structures in pyroclastic-surge deposits: implications for depositional processes' Geology 19, (11) 1108-1111 , DOI
Chapters
Cole PD, Neri A & Baxter PJ (2015) 'Hazards from Pyroclastic Density Currents' The Encyclopedia of Volcanoes Elsevier 943-956 , DOI
Duncan AM, Cole PD, Guest JE & Chester DK (1996) 'Transport and emplacement mechanisms of mass-flow deposits on Monte Vulture volcano, Basilicata, southern Italy' Volcano Instability on the Earth and Other Planets 237-247
Conference Papers
Frey H, Walters S, Manon M, Christopher TE, Barclay J & Cole PD (2022) 'CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INITIAL EXPLOSIVE PHASES OF THE 2021 ERUPTION OF LA SOUFRIÈRE, ST. VINCENT' Northeastern Section - 57th Annual Meeting - 2022 Geological Society of America Publisher Site , DOI
Presentations and posters
Weber G, Blundy J, Pyle D, Barclay J, Cole P & Frey H Weber G, Blundy J, Pyle D, Barclay J, Cole P & Frey H 'Magmatic architecture and mush disintegration prior to the 2020-21 eruption of La Soufrière (St Vincent, Lesser Antilles)' , DOI