- Room 110, Fitzroy, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA
- +44 1752 584766
- A.Morris@plymouth.ac.uk
Profiles
Professor Tony Morris
Professor
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences (Faculty of Science and Engineering)
Role
Professor of Geophysics and Geodynamics
Associate Head of School (Research)
Qualifications
B.Sc. (Hons.) Environmental Sciences, majoring in Geological Sciences (University of East Anglia)
M.Sc. Geophysics (University of Durham)
Ph.D. Geophysics/Geology (University of Edinburgh)
Certificate in Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (University of Plymouth)
Accredited Teacher in Higher Education (UK Staff and Educational Development Association)
Professional membership
Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society
Fellow of the Geological Society of London
Member of the British Geophysical Association
Fellow of the Higher Education Academy
Member of the American Geophysical Union
Roles on external bodies
- Chair of the European Consortium for Ocean Research Drilling Science Support and Advisory Committee (ESSAC) 2018-2019. In this capacity I lead the Program Management Office for European (and Canadian) involvement in the International Ocean Discovery Program, responsible for selection of scientists to participate in IODP expeditions and for a wide range of grants, scholarships and outreach events
- UK Representative on ESSAC (2015-)
- Member of the Program Advisory Group, UK-IODP
- Natural Environment Research Council Peer Review College member (2005-2008)
- Treasurer of the British Geophysical Association (2004-2011)
Teaching interests
As a geophysicist I am interested in applying physical methods to look at plate tectonic and geodynamic processes. In addition, I use field studies to examine the evidence for oceanic crustal processes preserved in ophiolites. I have worked mainly in the eastern Mediterranean orogenic belt, but also have extensive experience of engagement with the International Ocean Discovery Program (that collects rock and sediment samples from the present-day ocean basins via scientific ocean drilling). I use my wide range of interests to inform my teaching. For example, I organise an annual nine-day field excursion to the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus, drawing upon my research interests in this globally significant ophiolite.
Research interests
I use geophysical magnetic methods to investigate fundamental crustal processes.
The main focus of my research has been the magnetic analysis of samples of oceanic lithosphere recovered from the world's oceans by the International Ocean Discovery Program and innovative investigations of major ophiolites (slices of oceanic lithosphere that have been emplaced tectonically on to land).
International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) research:
I have sailed five times on the JOIDES Resolution, the state-of-the-art scientific drillship operated by IODP, and once on the RRS James Cook (part of the UK research fleet). My first expedition was in 2004/2005 on IODP Expedition 304/305. This recovered a complexly layered sequence of gabbros and minor ultramafic rocks from the footwall of a major oceanic core complex known as Atlantis Massif, located at 30 degrees north on the Mid Atlantic Ridge. The core, extending to over 1400 mbsf, opens a window in to lower crustal accretion processes. Shorebased research was carried out in collaboration with Prof Chris MacLeod (Cardiff University), Prof Jeff Gee (Scripps Institution) and Prof Bobbie John (University of Wyoming). The award of a NERC Standard Research Grant allowed us to conduct detailed palaeomagnetic analyses of the Expedition 304/305 core materials, and to combine these with wireline log interpretation, geochronological and geochemical data to provide important insights into the spatial and temporal controls of the accretion of slow-spreading rate lower oceanic crust. The project benefited from the research of Dr Nicola Pressling, a NERC research fellow funded by the project.
In January-February 2008 I sailed on an IODP Site Survey cruise to the tectonic exposures of fast-spreading rate oceanic crust at Hess Deep, as part of a NERC funded cruise aboard the (then) new James Cook research vessel (cruise JC21). This provided essential site survey data (bathymetric swath-mapping and sampling using the NERC remotely operated vehicle ISIS) to support future IODP drilling at this key locality (IODP Proposal #551).
Most recently, in December 2015 - January 2016 I sailed as Lead Palaeomagnetist on IODP Expedition 360 "Indian Ridge Moho", that drilled into the footwall of the Atlantis Bank oceanic core complex on the SW Indian Ridge. This long-term project offers the prospect of drilling vertically through a geomagnetic reversal boundary in the oceanic crust for the first time, although we did not reach this level during Expedition 360 unfortunately.
In January-February 2008 I sailed on an IODP Site Survey cruise to the tectonic exposures of fast-spreading rate oceanic crust at Hess Deep, as part of a NERC funded cruise aboard the (then) new James Cook research vessel (cruise JC21). This provided essential site survey data (bathymetric swath-mapping and sampling using the NERC remotely operated vehicle ISIS) to support future IODP drilling at this key locality (IODP Proposal #551).
In April - June 2011, I was back on the "JR" as Lead Shipboard Palaeomagnetist on IODP Expedition 335, part of the "Superfast Spreading Crust" campaign focused on Hole 1256D. This deep hole was the first to reach the uppermost in situ gabbroic lower crust. Unfortunately, recovery during Exp 335 was limited due to challenging hole conditions, but samples have provided insights into the nature of the thermal boundary layer at the top of the lower crust.
In December 2012-February 2013 I was Lead Shipboard Palaeomagnetist on IODP Expedition 345 to Hess Deep in the Pacific Ocean. This recovered a suite of cores from primitive lower crustal layered gabbros for the first time, confirming the broad features of the ophiolite paradigm and providing a complete picture of the bulk geochemistry of fast-spreading EPR crust. Post cruise research is focusing on the development of magnetic fabrics in these layered gabbros and the origin of multicomponent remanences in these rocks.
In December 2012-February 2013 I was Lead Shipboard Palaeomagnetist on IODP Expedition 345 to Hess Deep in the Pacific Ocean. This recovered a suite of cores from primitive lower crustal layered gabbros for the first time, confirming the broad features of the ophiolite paradigm and providing a complete picture of the bulk geochemistry of fast-spreading EPR crust. Post cruise research is focusing on the development of magnetic fabrics in these layered gabbros and the origin of multicomponent remanences in these rocks.
In June-July 2014, I was back on board the JR again, this time as Lead Shipboard Palaeomagnetist on IODP Expedition 351 "Izu-Bonin-Mariana Arc Origins", one of three back-to-back drilling expeditions designed to examine the evolution of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc system in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. This sampled a 1.4 km sedimentary succession documenting the responses of the upper plate to subduction initiation and the subsequent arc evolution. The site also penetrated into the "basaltic" basement, providing insights into the geochemistry and age of the basement rocks. Post-cruise research involved collaboration with Dr Marco Maffione (now at Birmingham University) to investigate the development of magnetic fabrics in deep sea pelagic sediments, and the palaeolatitudinal movement of the Philippine Sea plate.
Most recently, in December 2015 - January 2016 I sailed as Lead Palaeomagnetist on IODP Expedition 360 "Indian Ridge Moho", that drilled into the footwall of the Atlantis Bank oceanic core complex on the SW Indian Ridge. This long-term project offers the prospect of drilling vertically through a geomagnetic reversal boundary in the oceanic crust for the first time, although we did not reach this level during Expedition 360 unfortunately.
Ophiolite research:
In addition to research in oceanic lithosphere via the IODP, I have also focused on the application of palaeomagnetic and magnetic fabric techniques to a range of geodynamic and tectonic problems within ophiolites of the Tethyan orogenic belt and elsewhere. Field areas have included Albania, Canada, Cyprus, Oman, Syria and Turkey. In most cases, this has involved using advanced net tectonic rotation analysis methods to interpret paleomagnetic magnetisation data (a novel approach that out-performs standard structural corrections in complex ophiolite settings). Examples of these projects include:
In addition to research in oceanic lithosphere via the IODP, I have also focused on the application of palaeomagnetic and magnetic fabric techniques to a range of geodynamic and tectonic problems within ophiolites of the Tethyan orogenic belt and elsewhere. Field areas have included Albania, Canada, Cyprus, Oman, Syria and Turkey. In most cases, this has involved using advanced net tectonic rotation analysis methods to interpret paleomagnetic magnetisation data (a novel approach that out-performs standard structural corrections in complex ophiolite settings). Examples of these projects include:
(i) an integrated palaeomagnetic and structural analysis of the tectonic evolution of the Hatay ophiolite, southern Turkey (PhD research of Jennifer Inwood), proving that it rotated as part of a broad oceanic microplate along with the Baer-Bassit ophiolite (NW Syria) and Troodos ophiolite (Cyprus)
(ii) proving paleomagnetically that an oceanic core complex is preserved in the Mirdita ophiolite of Albania, extending the record of slow-spreading rate detachment-mode seafloor spreading back to the Jurassic (postdoctoral research of Marco Maffione)
(iii) showing that the tectonic evolution of the Mersin ophiolite (Turkey), which exposes a superb sequence of lower oceanic crustal gabbros, involved detachment-mode seafloor spreading and progressive rotation (including a major phase of rotation in the footwall of an oceanic core complex after emplacement of the Mersin metamorphic sole) (PhD research of Ahmed Omer and ResM research of Bugra Cavdar)
(iv) magnetic fabric analyses of gabbros in the fast-spreading rate Oman ophiolite and their implication for lower crustal accretion (PhD research of Matthew Meyer)
(v) determining the origin of fluid-mediated remagnetisation of the southern massifs of the Oman ophiolite using paleomagnetism, magnetic fabric analysis and end member modelling of isothermal remanent magnetisation acquisition curves (PhD research of Louise Koornneef)
(vi) magnetic fabric analysis of the Ordovician Thetford Mines ophiolite of the Canadian Appalachian mountains, where tectonic fabrics during late stage orogenesis (Acadian orogeny) have largely obliterated primary seafloor fabrics in the ophiolite (postdoctoral research of Anita Di Chiara)
(vii) reconstructing the kinematics of Late Cretaceous subduction initiation in the Neotethys Ocean by restoring paleoridge orientations in eastern Mediterranean opholites (via a collaboration with the ERC "SINK" research programme led by Douwe van Hinsbergen, Utrecht University)
Grants & contracts
RECENT SUCCESSFUL GRANT APPLICATIONS:
2016 - NERC Standard Grant, “Magnetization and tectonic evolution of ultraslow-spreading rate lower oceanic crust, Atlantis Bank, SW Indian Ridge (IODP Expedition 360)” (PI: Morris) (£35,878)
2015 - EU Marie Curie IF Award, Jan 2015, "PASS: Palaeozoic Seafloor Spreading" (PI: Morris, CI: Anderson, Research Fellow: di Chiara)(183,000 Euros)
2014 - NERC Standard Grant, "Rotation of the Philippine Sea Plate (IODP Expedition 351)" (PI: Morris)(£35,828)
2012 - NERC Standard Grant, "Palaeomagnetic constraints on lower oceanic crustal processes (IODP Expedition 345 Hess Deep Plutonic Crust" (PI: Morris)(£25,456)
2011 - NERC Standard Grant, "Superfast spreading rate crust 4: magnetism of the lower oceanic crust" (PI: Morris)(£12,425)
2010 - EU Marie Curie IEF Award, Jan 2010, "DEFOrm: Detachment Faults in Ophiolites" (PI: Morris, CI: Anderson, Research Fellow: Maffione)(176,000 Euros)
2007 - NERC Standard Grant, July 2006, "Spatial and temporal scales of crustal accretion in slow-spreading rate oceanic crust (Atlantis Massif, Mid Atlantic Ridge - IODP Site U1309D)" (PI: Morris, CI: MacLeod (Cardiff), Project Partners: Gee (Scripps), John (Wyoming))(£217,400)
2006 - NERC UK IODP Rapid Response Grant, May 2006, "Palaeomagnetic constraints on the construction of the lower oceanic crustal section recovered at Hole U1309D, Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge (IODP Expedition 304/305)" (£1890)
2004 - NERC UK IODP Site Survey Initiative Standard Grant, May 2004, "Accretion of the lower oceanic crust at fast-spreading ridges: a rock drill and near-bottom seafloor survey in support of IODP drilling in Hess Deep" (PI: MacLeod (Cardiff) CI: Teagle (Soton), RR: Morris + Project Partners)(£474,413)
Research groups
- Geodynamics and Palaeomagnetism
Key publications are highlighted
Journals
Articles
2017
'Rapid fore-arc extension and detachment-mode spreading following subduction initiation'
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
, DOI
PEARL
2017
'The onset of fabric development in deep marine sediments'
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
474,
32-39
, DOI
PEARL
2017
'Kinematics of Late Cretaceous subduction initiation in the Neo-Tethys Ocean reconstructed from ophiolites of Turkey, Cyprus, and Syria'
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
, DOI
PEARL
2016
'Clockwise rotation of the entire Oman ophiolite occurred in a suprasubduction zone setting'
Geology
, DOI
PEARL
2016
'Characterization of the in situ magnetic architecture of oceanic crust (Hess Deep) using near-source vector magnetic data'
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
121,
(6)
4130-4146
, DOI
PEARL
2016
'International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 360 Preliminary Report: Southwest Indian Ridge Lower Crust and Moho the nature of the lower crust and Moho at slower spreading ridges (SloMo Leg 1)'
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program: Preliminary Reports
(360)
1-50
, DOI
2016
'Is the Troodos ophiolite (Cyprus) a complete, transform fault-bounded Neotethyan ridge segment?'
GEOLOGY
44,
(3)
199-202
, DOI
PEARL
2016
'IODP Expedition 360: First stage of drilling into Earth's Mantle'
Przeglad Geologiczny
64,
(11)
889-895
2015
'Magmatic accretion and thermal convection at the sheeted dike complex–gabbro boundary in superfast spreading crust, ODP Hole 1256D'
Tectonophysics
660,
107-116
, DOI
2015
'A record of spontaneous subduction initiation in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc'
NATURE GEOSCIENCE
8,
(9)
728-733
, DOI
PEARL
2015
'Did the Kyrenia Range of northern Cyprus rotate with the Troodos-Hatay microplate during the tectonic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean?'
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
105,
(1)
399-415
, DOI
PEARL
2015
'Dynamics of intraoceanic subduction initiation: 1. Oceanic detachment fault inversion and the formation of supra-subduction zone ophiolites'
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
16,
(6)
1753-1770
, DOI
PEARL
2014
'Magnetic properties of variably serpentinized peridotites and their implication for the evolution of oceanic core complexes'
Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems
, DOI
PEARL
2014
'Formation and Evolution of Oceanic Lithosphere: New Insights on Crustal Structure and Igneous Geochemistry from ODP/IODP Sites 1256, U1309, and U1415'
Developments in Marine Geology
7,
449-505
, DOI
2014
'Hess Deep Plutonic Crust: Exploring the plutonic crust at a fast-spreading ridge: new drilling at Hess Deep'
IODP Preliminary Reports
345,
, DOI
2013
'Primitive layered gabbros from fast-spreading lower oceanic crust'
Nature
505,
204-207
, DOI
PEARL
2013
'Recognizing detachment-mode seafloor spreading in the deep geological past'
Scientific Reports
3,
, DOI
PEARL
2013
'Recognizing detachment-mode seafloor spreading in the deep geological past'
Scientific Reports
3,
, DOI
2013
'Evidence of mass failure in the Hess Deep Rift from multi-resolutional bathymetry data'
Marine Geology
339,
13-21
2012
'The internal structure of an oceanic core complex: An integrated analysis of oriented borehole imagery from IODP Hole U1309D (Atlantis Massif)'
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
13,
, DOI
2012
'Superfast Spreading Rate Crust 4: Drilling gabbro in intact oceanic crust formed at a superfast spreading rate'
Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
335,
, DOI
2011
'Quantitative constraint on footwall rotations at the 15°45′N oceanic core complex, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Implications for oceanic detachment fault processes'
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
12,
(5)
n/a-n/a
, DOI
2011
'Timing of uplift of the Troodos Massif (Cyprus) constrained by sedimentary and magnetic polarity evidence'
JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY
168,
(2)
457-470
, DOI
2011
'Battling through the thermal boundary layer: Deep sampling in ODP Hole 1256D during IODP Expedition 335'
InterRidge News
20,
12-17
2011
'Drilling constraints on lithospheric accretion and evolution at Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge 30°N'
Journal of Geophysical Research
116,
(B7)
, DOI
2011
'Superfast Spreading Rate Crust 4: Drilling gabbro in intact ocean crust formed at a superfast spreading rate'
IODP Preliminary Reports
335,
, DOI
2009
'Footwall rotation in an oceanic core complex quantified using reoriented Integrated Ocean Drilling Program core samples'
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
287,
(1-2)
217-228
, DOI
2009
'Successive structural events in the Hatay ophiolite of southeast Turkey: Distinguishing oceanic, emplacement and post-emplacement phases of faulting'
TECTONOPHYSICS
473,
(1-2)
208-222
, DOI
2009
'Neotethyan intraoceanic microplate rotation and variations in spreading axis orientation: Palaeomagnetic evidence from the Hatay ophiolite (southern Turkey)'
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
280,
(1-4)
105-117
, DOI
2009
'Spatial and temporal evolution of slow spread oceanic crust - graphic sections of core recovered from IODP Hole U1309D, Atlantis Massif, 30N, MAR (including Pb/U zircon geochronology and magnetic remanence data'
Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results
304/305,
, DOI
2007
'Oceanic core complexes and crustal accretion at slow-spreading ridges'
Geology
35,
623-626
, DOI
2006
'Expedition 305: Oceanic core complex 2'
IODP UK Newsletter
31,
3-6
2006
'IODP Expeditions 304 & 305 characterise the lithology, structure, and alteration of an oceanic core complex'
Scientific Drilling
3,
4-11
, DOI
2006
'Oceanic core complex formation, Atlantis Massif'
Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
304/305,
, DOI
2006
'Palaeomagnetic insights into the evolution of Neotethyan oceanic crust in the eastern Mediterranean'
Geological Society of London Special Publications
260,
351-372
2005
'IODP Expeditions 304 and 305: Oceanic Core Complex Formation, Atlantis Massif. Scientific Drilling'
Scientific Drilling
1,
28-31
, DOI
2005
'Comment on: “Tectonics of the Akamas and Mamonia ophiolites, Western Cyprus: magnetic petrofabrics and paleomagnetism” by G.J. Borradaile and K. Lucas☆'
Journal of Structural Geology
27,
(1)
171-174
, DOI
2005
'Oceanic core complex formation, Atlantis Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: drilling into the footwall and hanging wall of a tectonic exposure of deep, young oceanic lithopshere to study deformation, alteration and melt generation'
, DOI
2004
'Paleo, rock and environmental magnetism - Preface'
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH
29,
(13-14)
849-849
, DOI
2004
'The puzzle of axis-normal magnetic lineations in folded low-grade sediments (Bude Formation, SW England)'
Geological Society of London Special Publications
238,
175-190
2003
'The Late Cretaceous palaeolatitude of the Neotethyan spreading axis in the eastern Mediterranean region'
TECTONOPHYSICS
377,
(1-2)
157-178
, DOI
2003
'Geodynamic applications of palaeomagnetism - introduction'
Tectonophysics
377,
(1-2)
1-5
2002
'Extreme tectonic rotations within an eastern Mediterranean ophiolite (Baër–Bassit, Syria)'
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
202,
(2)
247-261
, DOI
2002
'Palaeomagnetic results from the Baër-Bassit ophiolite of northern Syria and their implication for fold tests in sheeted dyke terrains'
Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C
27,
(25-31)
1215-1222
, DOI
2001
'Long term response of Loch Ness, Scotland to changes in inputs from its catchment'
Verhandlungen International Verein Limnology
27,
2307-2311
2000
'Magnetic fabric and palaeomagnetic analyses of the Plio–Quaternary calc–alkaline series of Aegina Island, South Aegean volcanic arc, Greece'
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
176,
(1)
91-105
, DOI
2000
'East Quantoxhead, Somerset: a candidate Global Stratotype Section and Point for the base of the Sinemurian Stage (Lower Jurassic)'
GeoResearch Forum
6,
163-172
1999
'Comment on “block rotations and continental extension in the central aegean sea: palaeomagnetic and structural evidence from tinos and mykonos (cyclades, greece)” by D. Avigad et al'
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
171,
(3)
511-512
, DOI
1999
'Mulit-proxy analysis of a Late Holocene sediment core from Swanpool, Falmouth, Cornwall'
Geoscience in south west England
9,
318-324
1998
'Selected papers from the symposium "Crustal Rotations: Causes and Consequences", 9th Meeting European Union of Geosciences, Strasbourg, France, 23-27 March 1997 - Preface'
TECTONOPHYSICS
299,
(1-3)
VII-VIII
1998
'Evidence for the importance of 'small' faults on block rotation'
TECTONOPHYSICS
299,
(1-3)
1-13
, DOI
1998
'Multiple tectonic rotations and transform tectonism in an intraoceanic suture zone, SW Cyprus'
TECTONOPHYSICS
299,
(1-3)
229-253
, DOI
1996
'First palaeomagnetic results from the Cycladic Massif, Greece, and their implications for miocene extension directions and tectonic models in the Aegean'
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
142,
(3-4)
397-408
, DOI
1996
'A glossary of basic palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic terms'
Geological Society of London Special Publications
105,
401-415
1996
'A review of palaeomagnetic research in the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus'
Geological Society of London Special Publications
105,
311-324
1996
'Alternative tectonic models for the Late Palaeozoic-Early Tertiary development of Tethys in the Eastern Mediterranean region'
Geological Society of London Special Publications
105,
239-263
1996
'Palaeomagnetism and tectonics of the Mediterranean region'
Palaeomagnetism and tectonics of the Mediterranean region
1996
'Palaeomagnetism and tectonics of the Mediterranean region'
Palaeomagnetism and tectonics of the Mediterranean region
1996
'Palaeomagnetism and tectonics of the Mediterranean region: an introduction'
Geological Society of London Special Publications
105,
1-18
1996
'Proxy-climate and geomagnetic palaeointensity records extending back to ca.75,000 BP derived from sediments cored from Lago Grande di Monticchio, southern Italy'
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
15,
(2-3)
167-188
, DOI
1995
'ROTATIONAL DEFORMATION DURING PALEOGENE THRUSTING AND BASIN CLOSURE IN EASTERN CENTRAL GREECE - PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE FROM MESOZOIC CARBONATES'
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
121,
(3)
827-847
, DOI
1993
'MIOCENE REMAGNETISATION OF CARBONATE PLATFORM AND ANTALYA COMPLEX UNITS WITHIN THE ISPARTA ANGLE, SW TURKEY'
TECTONOPHYSICS
220,
(1-4)
243-266
, DOI
1990
'PALEOMAGNETIC EVIDENCE FOR CLOCKWISE ROTATIONS RELATED TO DEXTRAL SHEAR ALONG THE SOUTHERN TROODOS TRANSFORM-FAULT, CYPRUS'
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
99,
(3)
250-262
, DOI
Letters
2011
'Superfast Spreading Rate 4'
IODP UK Newsletter
36,
15-16
Conference Papers
1999
'Multi-proxy analysis of a late holocene sediment core from Swanpool, Falmouth, Cornwall'
318-324
Reports
2008
Accretion of the lower oceanic crust at fast-spreading ridges: a rock drill and near-bottom seafloor survey in support of IODP drilling in Hess Deep.
RRS James Cook JC21 Cruise Report
1999
Geological field teaching using discovery techniques.
Science Education Enhancement and Development (SEED) Publications