Markham mine shaft with pump ranges for experimental mine energy system
Title:  Mitigating Risks of Mineralisation and biofilms in Open Loop thermal Energy Systems (MRMOLES)
Funded by: UKRI EPSRC
Dates: September 2026 – November 2028
University of Plymouth staff: Dr Matt Bailey (PI), Hosein Rezvani (PDRA)
 
The project aims to investigate the link between ground and mine water types in the UK and their propensity to form solid phase minerals and biofilms in low-temperature heating and cooling systems (low-temperature geothermal, ground-sourced heat pumps).
 
Groundwater and mine water heat pump systems are a valuable tool in decarbonising the building sector. However, mineral or biofilm formation within these systems commonly causes blockages of pipework, heat exchangers and wells, which result in reduced efficiency and/or failure and are a known barrier to uptake. These phenomena are poorly understood but are known to be controlled by a range of variables such as groundwater composition, temperature, oxygenation and surface effects. 
This 26-month project will determine the nature of, and resolve, how problematic solid phases form in groundwater and mine water heat pump systems. We will determine how they relate to groundwater chemistry and whether these phenomena are linked to particular sets of conditions or water ‘types’. We will produce a user-oriented tool to enable practitioners to assess the water quality risks for any proposed groundwater-sourced heat pump installation within the UK and recommend solutions to avoid mineral or biofilm fouling.


Decarbonising heating and cooling in our homes, businesses, and industry requires large-scale deployment of heat pumps, powered by renewable electricity and coupled to stable thermal sources such as the rock and groundwater beneath our feet. However, these systems have not yet been widely deployed as society clings to gas-fired boilers, so understanding of the risks remains poor. This project is an enabler for aquifer and mine energy systems, tackling head-on one of the principal risks: the impacts of groundwater quality on their long-term operation.

Matt BaileyDr Matt Bailey
Associate Professor in Engineering Geochemistry

Centre for DecarbOnisation, Resilience and Energy Systems

We bring together leading researchers from across the University of Plymouth to develop innovative solutions to the national and global challenges of decarbonising energy systems, strengthening resilience to climate change and security risks, and supporting sustainable economic growth.
Centre for Decarbonisation and Offshore Renewable Energy