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Yaqub Rafiq

 

Personal photograph uploaded by Yaqub Rafiq

Dr Yaqub Rafiq

  • Job title: Associate Professor (Senior Lecturer) in Civil & Structural Engineering, School of Marine Science and Engineering (Faculty of Science and Technology)
  • Address: Room 21, Reynolds, Drake Circus,
    Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA
  • Telephone: +441752586144
  • Facsimile: +44 (0)1752 232638
  • Email: M.Rafiq@plymouth.ac.uk


Role

 

Senior Lecturer

BEng/MEng Programme Manager
Stage Tutor for final year BEng and MEng courses

 

Qualifications & background

BSc Civil Engineering (First class), Kabul University, Afghanistan, 1973.

MSc Structural Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K., 1984.

Ph.D. in Structural Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, U.K. 1988.

Certificate of Accreditation as a Teacher in Higher Education, Staff and Educational Development Association (SEDA), England (A recognised national organisation in England), 1993.

Certificate in Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, University of Plymouth, England, 1993.

 

Professional membership
CEng, MIstructE, MASCE, FHEA 

Roles on external bodies

  1.  Secretary and treasurer and member of the Scientific Committee of the  European Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering (EG-ICE).
  2.   Member of the Institution of Structural Engineers Applications and Professional Review Panel
  3.  Member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Advanced Engineering Informatics
  4.  Member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Advances in Engineering Software  
  5.  Member of the Institution of Structural Engineers computing and education study groups.
  6. Member of the Technical Committee/Editorial board of a number international conference
  7.  Reviewer for a number of international Journal including  a number of ELSEVIER journal, ASCE journals, ICE journals Masonry International Journal etc.
  8. PhD examination, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK. UBC Canada
 


Teaching interests

Structural Analysis & Advanced Structural Analysis MEng, BEng and MSc (Civil, Civil and Structural Engineering).

Engineering Analysis, MEng and BEng.

Advanced Information Technology, MEng and MSc.

Industrial Applications of Information Technology (BSc CAD)

 


Research interests

Applications of adaptive and evolutionary search and optimisation techniques and neural computing in structural engineering.

The main focus of this research is on modelling design activities at the conceptual stage of the design process. The aim is to develop decision support tools to aid the designer in the decision making process and to promote collaborative design between various parties involved in the design and construction process.


Another area of interest is innovative and effective exploration and visualisation search and solution spaces using evolutionary computing. One PhD has been successfully completed in this area.


Masonry structures / Structural Design

This research has focused to develop new methodologies and techniques, using conventional and AI techniques for better understanding of the behaviour of masonry structures. Two PhDs have been completed and another PhD just started.


Evaluation of the effects of shock, vibration and blast loading and waves on structures and health monitoring of structures using conventional and neural computing methods.

 

Research degrees awarded to supervised students

  1.  Martin Borthwick (PhD 2010) Application of Fractional Calculus to Rainfall-Streamflow Modelling
  2.  Chengfei Sui (PhD 2007) Improving the Prediction of the Behaviour of Masonry Wall Panels using Model Updating and Artificial Intelligence Techniques
  3. Ian Packham (PhD, 2004), Interactive visualisation for decision support using evolutionary computing
  4. Colin Southcombe (PhD, 2003), Reinforced brickwork beams using Quetta bond
  5. Guang Chun Zhou (PhD, 2002), Application of stiffness/strength correctors and cellular automata in predicting response of laterally loaded masonry walls
  6. Jim David Mathews (PhD, 2000), Optimisation and decision support during the conceptual stage of building design: new techniques based on the genetic algorithm
  7. Vekeria, H. D., (1999), Reducing the computational effort associated with evolutionary optimisation in single component design, PhD thesis, University of Plymouth, UK.
 


Publications

  1. Rafiq M. Y. (2011). “Visualisation a Conceptual Design Aid”, to be presented in the ASCE Structures Congress 2011.
  2. Rafiq, M. Y., and Rustell M., (2011), “Evolutionary Computing combined with Building Information Modelling”, to be presented in the EG-ICE 11th international Workshop,
  3. Borthwick M. F., Rafiq M. Y. and  Williams A. G.  (2010). “A novel application of a fractional order lag and route model to rainfall-streamflow modelling”, proceedings of the British Hydrological Society Third International Symposium, July 2010, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
  4. de Wilde, P. and Rafiq, Y.,(2010). “Intelligent computing for the design of high performance buildings”. In Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Proceedings of the International Conference, ICCCBE2010, W. TIZANI (Editor), 30 June-2 July, Nottingham, UK, Nottingham University Press, Paper 182, p. 363, ISBN 978-1-907284-60-1
  5. Rafiq M. Y and Sui, C. (2010),“Interactive visualisation: A support for system identification”, in Journal of Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol 24(3), pp 355-366, ISSN: 1474-0346. , doi:10.1016/j.aei.2010.02.003
  6. Zhou G.,  Pan D., Xu X. and Rafiq M. Y. (2010) “Innovative ANN Technique for Predicting Failure/Cracking Load of Masonry Wall Panel under Lateral Load”, ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol 24(4), pp 377-387, DOI: 10.1061/_ASCE_CP.1943-5487.0000040
  7. Sui, C., Rafiq, M. Y., and Zhou, G. (2010), “Regressions to smooth the empirical load-deflection relationship of the laterally loaded masonry wall panels”, Masonry International, Vol. 22, No 3. pp 59-70, ISSN 0950-2289
  8. Yu, Z., Zhou, G. C., Yi, X., and Rafiq, M. Y. (2010). "Techniques for Predicting Cracking Pattern of Masonry Wallet Using Artificial Neural Networks and Cellular Automata." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 24(2), 161-172. http://link.aip.org/link/?QCP/24/161/1 http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000021
  9. De Wilde, P., and Rafiq, M. Y., “Intelligent computing for the design of high performance computing”, Proc. of 2010 ICCCBE and EG-ICE Joint conference, ?????(edt), Jun-July, Nottingham, UK, pp ??????
  10. Rafiq, M. Y., (2010), “A radical rethink in educating engineering students”, Proc. of ASCE 2010 Structures Congress, CD-ROM, May, Orlando, Florida.
  11. Sui, C. and Rafiq, M. Y., (2009), “Laterally loaded masonry wall panels: A review of empirical methods”,  Masonry International, Journal of the International Masonry Society, 22(1), pp 11-16, ISSN 0950-2289.
  12. Sui, C. and Rafiq, M. Y., (2009), “Laterally loaded masonry wall panels: A review of numerical methods”,  Masonry International, Journal of the International Masonry Society, 22(2), pp 47-52, ISSN 0950-2289.
  13. Rafiq, Y. and Sui, C., (2009), “Interactive Visualisation – a Support for Model Updating”, Proc. of the 2009 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering, Carlos H and O’Brien, W. J. (edited), June, Austin, Texas.  PP 452-461, ISBN 987-0-7844-1052-3.
  14. Rafiq, Y., P. de Wilde and M. Borthwick (eds), 2008. Proceedings of Intelligent Computing in Engineering 2008 Conference, Plymouth, UK, July 2-4 2008. Plymouth: University of Plymouth (CD-ROM) ISBN 978-1-84102-191-1
  15. Zhang, y., Zhou, G. C., Xiong, Y. and Refiq, M. Y. (2008), “Techniques for Predicting Cracking Pattern of Vertically Loaded Masonry Wallet Using Artificial Neural Networks and Cellular Automata”, under review by the ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, ,ISSN 0887-3801.
  16. Rafiq, M. Y and. Sui, C. (2008), “Laterally loaded masonry wall panels: a review (1) Empirical Methods”, accepted by the Journal of Masonry International. ISSN 0950-2289
  17. Rafiq, M. Y and. Sui, C. (2008), “Laterally loaded masonry wall panels: a review (2) Numerical Methods”, accepted by the Journal of Masonry International, ISSN 0950-2289.
  18. Rafiq, M. Y.,  Sui, C. & Zhou,  G (2008), “Using Cellular Automata in Predicting the Behavior of Masonry Wall panels”  Proceeding of the 12th Int. Conf. on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE2008),  Conference in Inf. Tech. in Construction 2008, 16-18 October, Beijing, China. ISBN 978-7-98474-173-8
  19. Rafiq, M. Y.,  Beck, M. & Hughes, N. (2008), “Interactive visualisation as a powerful decision support tool for conceptual design”, Proceeding of the 25th CBI W78 Int. conf. on information technology ‘improving the management of construction projects through IT adoption’, Eedt (Rischmoller, R) 15-15 July, Santiago Chile, pp 156-165. ISBN 978-956-319-361-9
  20. Rafiq, M. Y. & Beck, M. (2008), “A scenario based exploration of multi-disciplinary solution space using a visualisation tool”, Proceeding of the Intelligent Computing in Engineering Conf. edt (Rafiq, Borthwick & de Wilde), Plymouth UK, 2-4 July, pp 46-56. ISBN 978-1-84102-191-1 www.eg-ice.org/Workshops/ICE08/default.htm
  21. Sui, C., Rafiq, M. Y. & Zhou, G. (2008), “Preliminary Study of the Effects of Boundary Parameters on the Analytical Results of the Laterally Loaded Masonry Wall Panels”, Proceeding of the Intelligent Computing in Engineering Conf. edt (Rafiq, Borthwick & de Wilde), Plymouth UK, 2-4 July, July. pp 199-211. ISBN 978-1-84102-191-1. www.eg-ice.org/Workshops/ICE08/default.htm
  22. De Wilde, P., Beck, M. & Rafiq, M. Y. (2008), “Visualisation of the Impact of Climate Change on the Cooling Requirements of Domestic Buildings in the United Kingdom, Proceeding of the Intelligent Computing in Engineering Conf. edt (Rafiq, Borthwick & de Wilde), Plymouth UK, 2-4 July, July. pp 410-422. ISBN 978-1-84102-191-1. www.eg-ice.org/Workshops/ICE08/default.htm
  23. Pan, D, G. Zhou & Rafiq, M. Y.  (2008), “An Artificial Neural Network Model for Predicting Failure Load of Masonry Wall Panel under Lateral Load”, Proceeding of the Intelligent Computing in Engineering Conf. edt (Rafiq, Borthwick & de Wilde), Plymouth UK, 2-4 July, July. pp 451-459. ISBN 978-1-84102-191-1. www.eg-ice.org/Workshops/ICE08/default.htm
  24. Zhang, Y. Xiong, Y, Zhou, G & Rafiq, M. Y. (2008), “Cellular Automata Model for Predicting the Cracking Pattern of Vertically Loaded Masonry Wallet”, Proceeding of the Intelligent Computing in Engineering Conf. edt (Rafiq, Borthwick & de Wilde), Plymouth UK, 2-4 July, July. pp 508-517. ISBN 978-1-84102-191-1. www.eg-ice.org/Workshops/ICE08/default.htm
  25. De Wilde, P. Rafiq, M. Y., and Beck, M. (2008). “Uncertainties in predicting the impact of climate change on thermal performance of domestic buildings in the UK”, Journal of Building Services Engineering Research & Technology, 29(1), pp7-26.  ISSN 0143-6244.
  26. Borthwick, M.F., Packham, I.S.J., and Rafiq, M.Y. (2008). “Interactive visualization for evolutionary optimisation of conceptual rainfall-streamflow models”. ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering. 22(1): 40-49.,ISSN 0887-3801.
  27. Rafiq, Y., Easterbrook, J, & Ricketts, C. (2007), “A radical rethink in educating engineering students in the 21st century”, accepted for presentation in The Third International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 10-12 September 2007 (SEMC 2007), Cape Town, South Africa, September.
  28. Rafiq, M. Y., Beck, M. & De Wilde, P. (2007), “Interactive Visualisation as a tool for interpreting building thermal simulation results”, Proc. of the 24th W78 conference, 14th Int. EG-ICE Workshop and 5th ITC@EDU Workshop, Maribor, Slovenia, June, 637-642, ISBN 978-961-248-033-2
  29. Rafiq M. Y., Sui, C., Easterbrook, D. J. & Bugmann, G. (2007), “Generality of using Correctors to Predict the Behaviour of Masonry Wall Panels”, Proc. of the 24th W78 conference, 14th Int. EG-ICE Workshop and 5th ITC@EDU workshop, Maribor, Slovenia, June, 669-674, ISBN 978-961-248-033-2
  30. De Wilde, P., Y. Rafiq, M. Beck, (2006). “Uncertainties in Predicting the Impact of Climate Change on Thermal Performance of Domestic Buildings in the UK.”.  In: Lebrun, ed. System Simulation in Buildings 2006, Seventh International Conference, Liège, Belgium, December 11-13 2006 (CD-ROM)
  31. Rafiq, Y., Easterbrook, J, & Ricketts, C. (2006), “Interactive use of computers to promote a deeper learning of structural behaviour”, Proc. of the 5rd Global Congress on engineering Education, Pudlowski, Z. J. (Edt), pp 121-124, New York, July, ISBN 0732622956.
  32. Chengfei Sui, M. Y. Rafiq , D. Easterbrook, G. Bugmann, G. Zhou, (2006), “More accurate prediction of the behaviour of masonry panel subjected to lateral loads”, Proc. of the 7th Int. Masonry Conference, London, British Masonry Society, Paper 19 (CD-ROM), October, ISSN 0950 9615.
  33. Chengfei Sui, M. Y. Rafiq, D. Easterbrook, G. Bugmann, G. Zhou, (2006) “Using Timoshenko Formula to Modify the Experimental Error of Masonry Panels”, Proc. of the 7th Int. Masonry Conference, London, British Masonry Society, Paper 47 (CD-ROM), October, ISSN 0950 9615.
  34. Chengfei Sui, M. Y. Rafiq , D. Easterbrook, G. Bugmann, G. Zhou, (2006), “An investigation into numerical model updating of masonry panels subjected to lateral load”, Proc. of the 7th Int. Masonry Conference, London, British Masonry Society, Paper 33 (CD-ROM), October, ISSN 0950 9615.
  35. Chengfei Sui, M. Y. Rafiq, D. Easterbrook, G. Bugmann, G. Zhou, (2006), “Uniqueness study of updating the FEA model of laterally loaded masonry panel by genetic algorithm”, Proc. of the 7th Int. Masonry Conference, London, British Masonry Society, Paper 36 (CD-ROM), October, ISSN 0950 9615.
  36. Yaqub Rafiq, Chengfei Sui, Dave Easterbrook and Guido Bugmann, (2006). “Prediction of the behaviour of masonry wall panels using Evolutionary Computation and Cellular Automata”, Proc. of the 13th International Workshop of the European Group for Intelligent Computing in Engineering, Monte Verita, Ascona Switzerland, Springer under Intelligent computing in engineering and Architecture “Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 4200”, Smith, I. F. C. (Edt), ISBN -10 3-540-46246-5, pp. 534-544.
  37. Rafiq, M. Y., Beck, M. and Packham, I. (2006). “Interactive Visualisation Systems for Conceptual Building Design: A Practical Approach”, Proc. of the International Conference on Advances in Engineering Structures, Mechanics and Construction, University of Waterloo, Canada, May 14-17, Springer, Panda, M, Xie, W and Xu, L (Edt), pp 595-606. ISBN-10 1-4020-4890-4(HB) and ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4890-6 (HB).
  38. Zhou, G. C.,  Rafiq, M. Y. Bugmann, G.,  and Easterbrook, D. J., (2006). “A Cellular Automat Model for Predicting Failure Pattern of Laterally Loaded Masonry Wall Panels”, ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol 20(6), pp 400-409,ISSN 0887-3801
  39. Rafiq, M. Y., Packham, I. S. J., Easterbrook, D. J, and Denham, S. L. (2006). “Visualising Search and Solution Spaces in the Optimum Design of Biaxial Columns”, ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering.  Vol 20(2), pp 88-98, ISSN 0887-3801
  40. Rafiq, M.Y., Sui, C., Zhou, G. C., Easterbrook, D. J. and Bugmann, G., (2005). “Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Predict the Behaviour of Masonry Panels”, Proceedings of The Eighth International Conference on the Application of Artificial Intelligence to Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, 30 August to 2 September, Rome, CD-ROM Paper 21, ISBN 1-905088-04-3
  41. Rafiq, M. Y., Ekwe, A. S., Beck, M. A., and Wigginton, M., (2005), “Optimising Intelligent Façades using a Genetic Algorithm”, Proceedings of an international conference incorporating COST 13 glass and facades, University of Bath, UK, April, pp 139-148. ISBN 187 4003 35 1.
  42. Rafiq, Y., Beck, M., Packham, I and Denham S., (2005) “Evolutionary Computation and Visualisation as Deci-sion Support tools for Conceptual Building Design.”(Invited paper) In Topping, B. H. V (Ed) Innovation In Civil and Structural Engineering Computing, chapter 3, pp 49-74, Saxe-Coburg Publications. ISBN 1-874672-24-http://www.saxe-coburg.co.uk/pubs/descrip/sl2005.htm
  43. Rafiq, M. Y., and Easterbrook, D. J., (2005). “Using the Computer to Develop A Better Understanding in Teaching Structural Engineering Behaviour to Undergraduates”, ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol. 19(1), pp. 34-44,ISSN 0887-3801
  44. Packham, I.S.J., Rafiq, M.Y., Borthwick, M.F. and Denham, S.L. (2005). “Interactive Visualisation for Decision Support and Evaluation of Robustness – In Theory and In Practice”, Journal of Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol. 19(4), Pages 263–280. ISSN: 1474-0346. http://authors.elsevier.com/sd/article/S1474034605000613
  45. Rafiq, M. Y.,  Packham, I. and  Beck, M., (2005). Invited Paper, “Importance of Visualisation in Decision Making Process in Engineering Design”, Proceedings of the 2005 ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering, Cancun, Mexico, CD ISBN 0-7844-0794-0.
  46. Kizhisseri, A. S., Simmonds, D., Rafiq, M. Y., & Borthwick, M. (2005). “An Evolutionary Computation Approach to Sediment Transport Modelling”, 5th ASCE International Coastal Dynamics Conference, Agustin Sanchez-Arcilla (Edt), April 4–8, Barcelona, Spain Pages
  47. Packham I.S.J., Borthwick M.F.,  Rafiq M.Y. and Denham S.L. (2004). “Improved Understanding of Rainfall Runoff Modelling using Interactive Visualisation and Evolutionary Computing”, Next generation-intelligent systems in engineering, Proc. 11 EG-ICE Workshop, Weimar, Germany, pp 96-99, ISBN 3-18-319904-1.
  48. Packham I.S.J., Rafiq M.Y., Borthwick M.F. and Denham S.L. (2004). “Interactive Visualisation for Decision Support and Evaluation of Robustness using Evolutionary Computing”, Next generation-intelligent systems in engineering, Proc. 11 EG-ICE Workshop, Weimar, Germany, pp 86-95, ISBN 3-18-319904-1.
  49. Rafiq M.Y., and Riley M.J. (2003). “Rethinking IT for Rethinking Construction”, towards a vision for information technology in civil engineering, Proceeding of the fourth joint international symposium on information technology in civil engineering (TCCP & EG-ICE) , Nashville, ISBN 0-7844-0704-5.
  50. Zhou,G. C.,  Rafiq M. Y.  Easterbrook, D. J., and Bugmann, G. (2003).  “Application of cellular automata in modelling laterally loaded masonry panel boundary effects”, Masonry International. Vol 16 No 3, pp 104-114. ISSN 0950-2289.
  51. Rafiq M. Y.,  Zhou,G. C.,  and Easterbrook, D. J.,  (2003).  “Analysis of brick wall panels subjected to lateral loading using correctors”, Masonry International. Vol 16, No. 2, pp 75-82. ISSN 0950-2289.
  52. Rafiq M. Y., Mathews J. D. and Bullock G. N, (2003). “Conceptual Building Design – An Evolutionary approach”, ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, Vol 17, No. 3, pp. 150-158, ISSN 0887-3801.
  53. Zhou,G. C.,  Rafiq M. Y. and Easterbrook, D. J.,  (2002). “Application of cellular automata in predicting in analysing laterally loaded wall panels”. Proc of the 6th International Masonry Conference UK, pp 569 – 572, ISSN 0950-9615.
  54. Zhou,G. C.,  Rafiq M. Y. and Easterbrook, D. J., (2002).  “Application of correctors in analysis of brickwork wall panels subjected to lateral loading”.  Proc of the 6th International Masonry Conference UK, pp 565 – 568, ISSN 0950-9615.
  55. Rafiq, M. Y., and Easterbrook, D. J., (2002). “Efficient Exploration of the Design Search Space Using Clustered Genetic Algorithms”, in Schnellenbach-Held, M. & Denk, H (eds), Advances in Intelligent Computing in Engineering, 176-183, ISBN 3-18-318004-9.
  56. Rafiq M. Y., Mathews J. D. And Jgodzinski P. (2001), “Interactive Role of the Human Computer Interaction in Design”, Proc. of the 8th Workshop of the European Group of the Structural Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Loughborough, UK , pp 31-42, ISBN1-897911-24-6.
  57. Rafiq, M. Y., and Easterbrook, D., J., (2001). "Intelligent use of Computers to Promote a Deeper Learning of the Structural Behaviour", Proceeding of the Int. Conf. On Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation (SEMC 2001), Cape Town, South Africa, April, pp 1505-1511, ISBN 0-08-043948-9.
  58. Rafiq, M. Y., Bugmann, G., and Easterbrook, D. J., (2001). “Efficient Neural Network Design for Engineering Applications”, Computers and Structures, Vol. 79/17, pp 1541-1552, September. ISSN 0045-7949.
  59. Easterbrook, D. J., and Rafiq, M. Y., Williams, C., (2000).  "The impact of computers on teaching methods in structural Engineering", Proceedings of the Civil and Structural Engineering Education in the 21st Century, Southampton, April.
  60. Rafiq, M. Y., (2000).  "Importance of Pareto Optimum Solutions in Making Informed Decisions in Engineering Design", Proc. Of the 8th International Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, ICCCB-VIII, Stanford University, p1325-1333 August. ISBN 0-7844-0513-1.
  61. Rafiq, M. Y., Bugmann, G., and Easterbrook, D. J., (2000). “Artificial Neural Networks to Aid Conceptual Design”, Journal of The Structural Engineer, IStructE, Volume 78, No. 3, February, pp 25-32. ISSN 0039-2553.
  62. Rafiq, M. Y., (2000). "A Design Support Tool for Optimum Building Concept Generation Using a structured Genetic Algorithm", International Journal of Computer-Integrated Design and Construction, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp 92-102, May. ISSN 1466-5115.
  63. Easterbrook, D. J., and Rafiq, M. Y., (1999). “The Use of Computers in Teaching ‘Real World’ Structural Engineering”, Civil-Comp99, The 7th International Conference on Civil and Structural Engineering, Oxford, ED B. H. V., Topping and B. Kumar Civil Comp Press Edinburgh, pp 9-13, September. ISBN 0-948749-60-1.
  64. Rafiq, M. Y., Bugmann, G., and Easterbrook, D. J., (1999).  “Guidelines for Designing Neural Networks for Civil Engineering Applications”, Civil-Comp99, The 5th International Conference on the Applications of AI to Civil and Structural Engineering, Oxford, ED B Kumar and B. H. V., Topping, Civil Comp Press Edinburgh, pp 109-115, September. ISBN 0-948749-64-4.
  65. Rafiq, M. Y., Bugmann, G., and Easterbrook, D. J., (1999).  “Building Concept Generation Using Genetic Algorithms Integrated with Neural Networks”, Proc. of 6th Workshop of the European Group of the Structural Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Poland, pp 165-173, September. ISBN 83-204-2484-4.
  66. Williams, C. and Rafiq, M. Y., (1999). “Human structures interaction: the development of an analytical model of the human body”, International Conference on Vibration, Noise and Structural Dynamics, April.
  67. Rafiq, M. Y. and Williams, C., (1998). “An investigation into the integration of neural networks with the structured genetic algorithm to aid conceptual design”, Int. Workshop on Artificial Intelligence in Structural Engineering, Ascona, Switzerland, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1454, edited by Ian Smith, Springer publications, pp 295-307. ISBN 3-540-64806-2.
  68. Rafiq, M. Y., Bugmann, G., and Easterbrook, D. J., (1998). “Artificial Neural Networks for Modelling Some of the Activities of the Conceptual Stage of the Design Process”, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Convection and Computing Congress, pp 631-643, Boston. ISBN 0-7844-0381-3.
  69. Fullerton, H., G., and Rafiq, M. Y., (1998). "Lessons from coming of age in peer assessment and group work", Staff and Educational Development Association (SEDA), SEDA paper 102, edited by Sally Brown, pp 67-78. ISBN 0946815 99 2.
  70. Rafiq, M. Y., and Southcombe, C. (1998). "Genetic algorithms in optimal design and detailing of reinforced concrete biaxial columns supported by a declarative approach for capacity checking", International Journal of Computers and Structures, 69, pp 443-457. ISSN 0045-7949
  71. Rafiq, M. Y., and Easterbrook, D. J., (1998). "Towards a more economic and better understanding of the design of reinforced concrete sections using a different interactive approach to structural design software", International Journal of Computers and Structures, 68, pp 295-301. ISSN 0045-7949.
  72. Rafiq, M. Y. and Mathews, J. D., (1998). "An Integrated Approach to the Structural Design of Buildings Using a Structured Genetic Algorithm", Journal of Integrated Design and Process Science, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp 20-31, Sept. ISSN 1092-0617
  73. Rafiq, M. Y., (1997). " Optimum Building Concept Generation and Integration of Design Process Using a Structured Genetic Algorithm", Proceeding of the World-wide ECCE Symposium, in the Practice of Building and Civil Engineering, Lahti, Finland, pp 117-121, September. ISBN 951-758-378-8.
  74. Mathews, J. D., and Rafiq, M. Y. (1996). "Integration and Optimisation in Conceptual Building Design Using Genetic Algorithms", Knowledge Based Systems in Structural Engineering- Current Developments and Future Trends, Institution of Structural Engineers, ED Anumba, C. J., pp 63-73, September.
  75. Mathews, J. D., Rafiq, M. Y., Bullock, G. N. B., (1996). " A Prototype for a Conceptual Structural Building Design System Using Genetic Algorithms", Adaptive Computing in Engineering Design and Control, 96, Proceedings of the 2nd Int. Conf., Plymouth Engineering Design Centre, University of Plymouth. ED Parmee, I. pp 287-290, 1996. ISBN 0-905227-61-1.
  76. Rafiq, M. Y. and Mathews, J. D., (1996). "An Integrated approach to Structural Design of Buildings Using Genetic Algorithms", 2nd Int. Conf. on Integrated Design and Process Technology, Texas, USA, IDPT-Vol. 3, ED Esat, I. I, et al. pp 84-90. ISSN 1090-9389.
  77. Rafiq, M. Y., (1996). "Estimating Structural components Resistance to Blast Loading using Laboratory Static Tests", 4th Int. Conf. on Structures Under Shock and Impact, SUSI 96, Structures Under Shock and Impact IV, ED N Jones et al, Computational Mechanics Publications, pp 39-48, ISBN 1-85312-400-1.
  78. Rafiq, M. Y., and Fullerton, H., G., (1996). "Peer Assessment of Group Projects in Civil Engineering", Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp 69-81.
  79. Mathews, J. D., Rafiq, M. Y., and Parmee, I., (1995). "Adaptive search to assist in the conceptual design of concrete buildings", Civil-Comp95, Sixth International Conference on Civil and Structural Engineering Computing, Cambridge, ED B. H. V., Topping, Civil Comp Press Edinburgh, pp 179-187, August. ISBN0-948749-36-9
  80. Rafiq, M. Y., (1995). "Genetic Algorithms in Optimum Design, Capacity Check and Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Columns", Opti 95, Forth International Conference Computing Aided Optimum Design of Structures, Miami, Florida, USA, pp 161-169, September. ISBN 1-85312-325-0.
  81. Rafiq, M. Y., and Easterbrook, D. J., (1995). "A new approach to Design and Checking of Reinforced Concrete Columns", Civil-Comp95, Sixth International Conference on Civil and Structural Engineering Computing, Cambridge, ED B. H. V., Topping, Civil Comp Press Edinburgh, pp 83-89.
  82. Mathews, J. D., and Rafiq, M. Y., (1994). "Adaptive Search for Decision Support in the Preliminary Design of Structural Systems", Proceedings of the First International Conference on Adaptive Computing in Engineering Design and Control, PEDC.
  83. MacLeod, I. A., Ades, N., Rafiq, M. Y. and Kor, F. H., (1993). "The Use of Numerical Rule Processors in Engineering Calculation", Fifth International ASCE Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering and Building, Anaheim, California, USA, June, pp 1600-1607.
  84. MacLeod, I. A., Ades, N., and Rafiq, M. Y., (1991). "A Knowledge Based Approach to the Processing of Structural calculations". Institution of Structural Informal Study Group Computing in Structural Engineering, August , Booklet published January 1994.
  85. MacLeod, I. A., M. Murray, I. Webster, and  Rafiq, M.Y., (1990). "Foundation Monitoring for the Cardoness Bridge", in Structures Today and Beyond 2000, Glasgow, UK, pp 14-16.
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