- Room 613, Davy Building, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA
- +44 1752 584650
- J.I.Spicer@plymouth.ac.uk
Profiles
Professor John Spicer
Professor
School of Biological and Marine Sciences (Faculty of Science and Engineering)
Professor John Spicer can be contacted through arrangement with our Press Office, to speak to the media on these areas of expertise.
- Biodiversity
- Ocean acidification
- Oxygen in marine environment
- Sandhoppers and strandlines
- Evolution and development
- Science and faith
Email publicrelations@plymouth.ac.uk to enquire.
Biography
Biography
Professor of Marine Zoology
Professor John Spicer is a marine zoologist at the University’s Marine Institute with expertise in ecophysiology.
His research interests focus on the innermost workings of marine organisms in a quest to understand how the work and evolve in the wild, and how they adapt to climate change.
An eminent scientist renowned for his expertise in ocean acidification and hypoxia, he has contributed a substantial wealth of knowledge to the field over three decades, resulting in over 180 research papers, multiple academic books, writing for popular culture, and advising national and international policymakers.
Qualifications
BSc (Hons) Zoology, Glasgow 1982
PhD in Zoology, Glasgow 1987
PGCE(S) (with distinctions), Jordanhill College, Glasgow 1991
Professional membership
Member of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
Member of the Scottish Association for Marine Science
Member of the Society of Experimental Biology
member of Christians in Science, UK
Highlights
Teaching
Teaching
Teaching interests
MBIO162 Biodiversity (Co-ordinator) (1st year module, 200+ students)
MBIO228 Experimental Marine Biology Field Course (2nd year module, 50+ students)
MBIO329 Marine Biology: An evolutionary approach (Co-ordinator) (3rd year module 50+ students)
Staff serving as external examiners
- External examining duties for UK Universities (undergraduate)
2009 – 2012. BSc (Hons) Marine Biology (Code C161), BSc (Hons) Marine Zoology (Code C350) BSc (Hons) Marine Biology & Oceanography (Code CF17). School of Marine Science & Technology, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
2009 – 2014. BSc (Hons) Animal Biology (Code C190), BSc (Hons) Biology (Code C101).School of Biology, University of Gloucester.
2012 – 2016. BSc (Hons) Zoology (C300), MSci Zoology. BSc (Hons) Marine & Freshwater Biology (Code C164), MSci Marine & Freshwater BiologySchool of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Glasgow.
2014 – 2017. MMarBiol(Hons) (Code C161), Marine Biology, BSc (Hons) (Code C160), Marine Biology, BSc (Hons), Marine Biology & Oceanography (Code C1F7), BSc (Hons) Ecology & Environment (Code C192) School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Marine Biology, Ecology.
2015 – 2018. MRes Conservation and Resource Management (Code: EVCR), MSc Conservation and Resource Management (Code MSC/CRM), School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool.
External examining duties for UK and International universities (postgraduate research)
· 2020. PhD. Physiological and ecotoxicological interaction of copper and ocean acidification in the polychaete worms Hediste diversicolor and Alitta virens. University of Exeter, UK
· 2019. PhD. Trans-generational responses of gammarid amphipods to salinity change: energy budgets and life history traits. University of Wales, Bangor, UK.
· 2019. PhD The challenge of scaling from individual physiology to population level effects: using the Dynamic Energy Budget to describe and predict crustacean responses to climate variability. University of Southampton, UK.
· 2018. PhD.: Environmental change impacts on marine calcifiers: Spatial and temporal patterns. University of Cambridge, UK.
· 2017. PhD. Ocean Acidification in the Baltic Sea – Implications for the bivalve Macoma balthica. Environmental and Marine Biology, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Åbo Akademi University Abo, Finland.
· 2017. PhD. Marine Biodiversity of Antarctic hard rock communities: species biomass and energy use. Open University and British Antarctic Survey.
· 2017. PhD. Oxygen limited: Thermal effects on growth and survival of aquatic ectotherms. University of Nijmegen, Netherlands.
· 2016. PhD. Parasite effects on the feeding behaviour and functional response of the invasive amphipod Gammarus pulex (Crustacea; Amphipoda) Queen’s University, Belfast, U.K.
· 2016. PhD. Marine fish carbonates – Contribution to sediment production in temperature environments. University of Exeter, U.K..
· 2016. PhD. Effects of climate change on commercially harvested shellfish. University of Belfast, U.K..
· 2015. PhD. Determining the impacts of ocean acidification and global warming on biotic interactions in shallow-water marine environments. University of Wales, Aberystwyth, U.K.
· 2014. PhD Oxygen supply capacity – not a good fitness indicator for eurythermal crustaceans. Aarhus University, Denmark.
· 2014. PhD. Individual variability and phenotypic plasticity: tracking the effect of the environment on the biogeography, population structure, ecophysiology and reproduction of the sandhoppers Talorchestia capensis and Africorchestia quadrispinosa. Rhodes University, South Africa.
· 2014. PhD. Effects of climate change on the Norway lobster early development. Hörsalen, Lovén centrum för marina vetenskaper – Kristineberg, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden.
· 2012 PhD. Impacts of ocean acidification and environmental copper on the harpacticoid copepod Tisbe battagliai. University of Newcastle, U.K.
· 2012. PhD. Physiological responses to different environmental and culture conditions during ontogeny of the spiny lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi, University of Tasmania, Australia.
· 2012. PhD. Functional responses of the intertidal amphipod Echinogammarus marinus: effects of prey supply, model selection and habitat complexity. Queen’s University, Belfast, U.K.
· 2009. PhD. Metabolism and protein synthesis in gammarid amphipods. University of Bangor, U.K.
· 2007. PhD. The ecophysiology of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia), University of Aberdeen & University of the Highlands and Islands, U.K.
· 2005 University of Glasgow, U.K.
· 2004 University of Leicester. U.K.
· 2003 University of St Andrews, U.K.
· 2001 Queens University, Belfast, U.K.
· 1998 University of Plymouth (when I was at U. of Sheffield), U.K.
· 1997 University of Leicester, U.K.
Research
Research
Publications
Publications
Key publications
Key publications are highlighted
Journals
Articles
(2024) 'The embryonic thermal environment has positive but weak effects on thermal tolerance later in life in the aquatic invertebrate Gammarus chevreuxi' Marine Environmental Research 195, 106350-106350 , DOI
(2024) 'Taking sides? Aspect has limited influence on soil environment or litter decomposition in pan-European study of roadside verges' Pedobiologia 102, 150927-150927 Publisher Site , DOI
(2023) 'The north–south divide? Macroalgal functional trait diversity and redundancy varies with intertidal aspect' Annals of Botany , DOI
(2023) 'Comparative phenomics: a new approach to study heterochrony' Frontiers in Physiology 14, , DOI Open access
(2023) 'Phenomics as an approach to Comparative Developmental Physiology' Frontiers in Physiology 14, , DOI Open access
(2023) 'Editorial: The adaptation and response of aquatic animals in the context of global climate change' Frontiers in Marine Science 10, , DOI Open access
(2023) 'A phenomics approach reveals interspecific differences in integrated developmental responses to chronic elevated temperatures' Journal of Experimental Biology 226, (12) , DOI Open access
(2022) 'Effect of Animal Stocking Density and Habitat Enrichment on Survival and Vitality of Wild Green Shore Crabs, Carcinus maenas, Maintained in the Laboratory' Animals 12, (21) 2970-2970 , DOI Open access
(2022) 'Phenomics enables measurement of complex responses of developing animals to global environmental drivers' Science of the Total Environment , DOI Open access
(2022) 'HeartCV: a tool for transferrable, automated measurement of heart rate and heart rate variability in transparent animals' Journal of Experimental Biology 225, (19) , DOI Open access
(2022) 'Tyre particle exposure affects the health of two key estuarine invertebrates' Environmental Pollution 314, , DOI Open access
(2022) 'Consequences of thermal plasticity for hypoxic performance in coastal amphipods' Marine Environmental Research 177, , DOI Open access
(2022) 'Regulation of gene expression during ontogeny of physiological function in the brackishwater amphipod Gammarus chevreuxi' Marine Genomics 63, , DOI Open access
(2021) 'Synthesis of thresholds of ocean acidification impacts on decapods' Frontiers in Marine Science , DOI Open access
(2021) 'Facing up to climate change: Community composition varies with aspect and surface temperature in the rocky intertidal' Marine Environmental Research 172, , DOI Open access
(2021) 'Synthesis of Thresholds of Ocean Acidification Impacts on Echinoderms' Frontiers in Marine Science 8, , DOI Open access
(2021) 'Effects of handling during experimental procedures on stress indices in the green shore crab, <i>Carcinus maenas</i> (L)' Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology 54, (2) 65-86 , DOI Open access
(2021) 'Spectral phenotyping of embryonic development reveals integrative thermodynamic responses' BMC Bioinformatics 22, (1) , DOI Open access
(2021) 'Do aquatic ectotherms perform better under hypoxia after warm acclimation?' The Journal of Experimental Biology 224, (3) jeb232512-jeb232512 Publisher Site , DOI Open access
(2020) 'Transcriptional frontloading contributes to cross‐tolerance between stressors' Evolutionary Applications , DOI Open access
(2020) 'Evidence for physiological niche expansion of an intertidal flatworm: evolutionary rescue in the wild' Marine Ecology Progress Series 651, (0) 85-95 Publisher Site , DOI Open access
(2020) 'Universal metabolic constraints shape the
evolutionary ecology of diving in animals' Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , DOI Open access
(2020) 'The effects of elevated temperature and PCO2 on the energetics and haemolymph pH homeostasis of juveniles of the European lobster, Homarus gammarus' The Journal of Experimental Biology 223, (8) jeb209221-jeb209221 , DOI Open access
(2020) 'Exoskeleton dissolution with mechanoreceptor damage in larval Dungeness crab related to severity of present-day ocean acidification vertical gradients' Science of The Total Environment 716, (0) 0-0 , DOI Open access
(2020) 'Ontogeny of osmoregulation in the brackishwater amphipod Gammarus chevreuxi' Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 524, 151312-151312 , DOI Open access
(2020) 'Both maternal and embryonic exposure to mild hypoxia influence embryonic development of the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)' J Exp Biol , DOI Open access
(2019) 'Moderate reductions in dissolved oxygen may compromise performance in an ecologically-important estuarine invertebrate' Science of the Total Environment 693, 133444-133444 , DOI Open access
(2019) 'Physiological diversity, biodiversity patterns and global climate change: testing key hypotheses involving temperature and oxygen' Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, (1778) 20190032-20190032 , DOI Open access
(2019) 'Will giant polar amphipods be first to fare badly in an oxygen-poor ocean? Testing hypotheses linking oxygen to body size' Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, (1778) 0-0 , DOI Open access
(2019) 'Quantifying susceptibility of marine invertebrate biocomposites to dissolution in reduced pH' Royal Society Open Science 6, (6) 190252-190252 , DOI Open access
(2019) 'The importance of inter‐individual variation in predicting species' responses to global change drivers' Ecology and Evolution 9, (8) 4327-4339 , DOI Open access
(2018) 'A high-throughput and open-source platform for embryo phenomics' PLOS Biology 16, (12) , DOI Open access
(2018) 'Effects of oil and global environmental drivers on two keystone marine invertebrates' Scientific Reports 8, (1) 0-0 , DOI Open access
(2018) 'Density-dependent responses of the brittlestar Amphiura filiformis to moderate hypoxia and consequences for nutrient fluxes' Marine Ecology Progress Series 594, 175-191 , DOI Open access
(2018) 'Short-term acclimation in adults does not predict offspring acclimation potential to hypoxia' Scientific Reports 8, (1) 0-0 , DOI Open access
(2017) 'Does plasticity in thermal tolerance trade off with inherent tolerance? The influence of setal tracheal gills on thermal tolerance and its plasticity in a group of European diving beetles' J Insect Physiol , DOI Open access
(2017) 'De novo transcriptome assembly of the amphipod Gammarus chevreuxi exposed to chronic hypoxia' Marine Genomics 33, 17-19 , DOI Open access
(2017) 'Does sex really matter? Explaining intraspecies variation in ocean acidification responses' Biology Letters 13, (2) 0-0 , DOI Open access
(2016) 'Disentangling the counteracting effects of water content and carbon mass on zooplankton growth' Journal of Plankton Research , DOI
(2016) 'Heterokairy: a significant form of developmental plasticity?' BIOLOGY LETTERS 12, (9) , DOI Open access
(2016) 'Reduced pH affects pulsing behaviour and body size in ephyrae of the moon jellyfish, Aurelia aurita' Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 480, 54-61 , DOI
(2016) 'Differences in the timing of cardio-respiratory development determine whether marine gastropod embryos survive or die in hypoxia' The Journal of Experimental Biology 219, (Pt 7) 1076-1085 , DOI Open access
(2016) 'The sensitivity of the early benthic juvenile stage of the European lobster Homarus gammarus (L.) to elevated pCO2 and temperature' Marine Biology 163, (3) , DOI
(2016) 'Embryonic transcriptome of the brackishwater amphipod Gammarus chevreuxi' Marine Genomics 28, 5-6 , DOI
(2016) 'Application of computer-aided tomography techniques to visualize kelp holdfast structure reveals the importance of habitat complexity for supporting marine biodiversity' JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 477, 47-56 , DOI
(2015) 'Multi-generational responses of a marine polychaete to a rapid change in seawater p CO 2' Evolutionary Applications 9, (9) 1082-1095 , DOI
(2015) 'Antioxidant capacity of polychaetes occurring at a natural CO2 vent system: Results of an in situ reciprocal transplant experiment' Marine Environmental Research 112, 44-51 , DOI
(2015) 'A mesocosm study investigating the effects of hypoxia and population density on respiration and reproductive biology in the brittlestar Amphiura filiformis' Marine Ecology Progress Series 534, 135-147 , DOI
(2015) 'Stage-Specific Changes in Physiological and Life-History Responses to Elevated Temperature and P<scp>co</scp><sub>2</sub>during the Larval Development of the European Lobster<i>Homarus gammarus</i>(L.)' Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 88, (5) 494-507 , DOI
(2015) 'Benthic Assemblages of the Anton Dohrn Seamount (NE Atlantic): Defining Deep-Sea Biotopes to Support Habitat Mapping and Management Efforts with a Focus on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems' PLOS ONE 10, (5) e0124815-e0124815 , DOI Open access
(2015) 'Pathogenic challenge reveals immune trade-off in mussels exposed to reduced seawater pH and increased temperature' JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 462, 83-89 , DOI
(2014) 'Living in warmer, more acidic oceans retards physiological recovery from tidal emersion in the velvet swimming crab, Necora puber' J Exp Biol 217, (Pt 14) 2499-2508 , DOI
(2014) '(1)H NMR metabolomics reveals contrasting response by male and female mussels exposed to reduced seawater pH, increased temperature, and a pathogen' Environ Sci Technol 48, (12) 7044-7052 , DOI
(2014) 'Environmental hypoxia but not minor shell damage affects scope for growth and body condition in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis (L.)' Mar Environ Res 95, 74-80 , DOI
(2014) 'Combining motion analysis and microfluidics--a novel approach for detecting whole-animal responses to test substances' PLoS One 9, (12) , DOI Open access
(2014) 'What can an ecophysiological approach tell us about the physiological responses of marine invertebrates to hypoxia?' J Exp Biol 217, (Pt 1) 46-56 , DOI
(2013) 'Parent--offspring similarity in the timing of developmental events: an origin of heterochrony?' Proc Biol Sci 280, (1769) , DOI
(2013) 'Assessing the environmental consequences of CO2 leakage from geological CCS: generating evidence to support environmental risk assessment' Mar Pollut Bull 73, (2) 399-401 , DOI
(2013) 'Effects of elevated CO2 on the reproduction of two calanoid copepods' Mar Pollut Bull 73, (2) 428-434 , DOI
(2013) 'Biological impacts of enhanced alkalinity in Carcinus maenas' Mar Pollut Bull 71, (1-2) 190-198 , DOI
(2013) 'Multiple physiological responses to multiple environmental challenges: an individual approach' Integr Comp Biol 53, (4) 660-670 , DOI
(2013) 'Distribution of sea urchins living near shallow water CO(2) vents is dependent upon species acid-base and ion-regulatory abilities' Mar Pollut Bull , DOI Open access
(2013) 'Physiological plasticity preserves the metabolic relationship of the intertidal non-calcifying anthozoan-<i>Symbiodinium</i> symbiosis under ocean acidification' JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 449, 200-206 , DOI
(2013) 'Variance in developmental event timing is greatest at low biological levels: implications for heterochrony' BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY 110, (3) 581-590 , DOI
(2013) 'Elevated temperature elicits greater effects than decreased pH on the development, feeding and metabolism of northern shrimp (<i>Pandalus borealis</i>) larvae' MARINE BIOLOGY 160, (8) 2037-2048 , DOI
(2013) 'Physiological changes accompanying the presence of black gill syndrome in the high shore amphipod <i>Traskorchestia traskiana</i>' JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 446, 131-138 , DOI
(2013) 'A novel application of motion analysis for detecting stress responses in embryos at different stages of development' BMC Bioinformatics 14, , DOI Open access
(2013) 'Adaptation and acclimatization to ocean acidification in marine ectotherms: an in situ transplant experiment with polychaetes at a shallow CO2 vent system' Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 368, (1627) , DOI
(2012) 'Development of cardiovascular function in the marine gastropod Littorina obtusata (Linnaeus)' J Exp Biol 215, (Pt 13) 2327-2333 , DOI
(2012) 'Acute extracellular acid-base disturbance in the burrowing sea urchin Brissopsis lyrifera during exposure to a simulated CO2 release' Sci Total Environ 427-428, 203-207 , DOI
(2012) 'The comparative biology of diving in two genera of European Dytiscidae (Coleoptera)' J Evol Biol 25, (2) 329-341 , DOI
(2012) 'Reduced pH sea water disrupts chemo-responsive behaviour in an intertidal crustacean' JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 412, 134-140 , DOI
(2011) 'Physiological Correlates of Geographic Range in Animals' ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS, VOL 42 42, 155-179 , DOI
(2011) 'A genetic basis for intraspecific differences in developmental timing?' EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 13, (6) 542-548 , DOI
(2011) 'Studying the altered timing of physiological events during development: it's about time…or is it?' Respir Physiol Neurobiol 178, (1) 3-12 , DOI
(2011) 'Oxygen supply in aquatic ectotherms: partial pressure and solubility together explain biodiversity and size patterns' Ecology 92, (8) 1565-1572 , DOI
(2011) 'Immunological function in marine invertebrates: responses to environmental perturbation' Fish Shellfish Immunol 30, (6) 1209-1222 , DOI
(2011) 'Predator cues alter the timing of developmental events in gastropod embryos' Biol Lett 7, (2) 285-287 , DOI
(2011) 'Impact of CO<sub>2</sub>-acidified seawater on the extracellular acid-base balance of the northern sea urchin <i>Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis</i>' JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 407, (1) 19-25 , DOI
(2011) 'Reduced sea water pH disrupts resource assessment and decision making in the hermit crab <i>Pagurus bernhardus</i>' ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR 82, (3) 495-501 , DOI
(2011) 'Ocean warming and acidification; implications for the Arctic brittlestar Ophiocten sericeum' POLAR BIOLOGY 34, (7) 1033-1044 , DOI
(2011) 'Duration tenacity: A method for assessing acclimatory capacity of the Antarctic limpet, <i>Nacella concinna</i>' JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 399, (1) 39-42 , DOI
(2011) 'Comparing the impact of high CO<sub>2</sub> on calcium carbonate structures in different marine organisms' MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH 7, (6) 565-575 , DOI
(2010) 'Can ocean acidification affect population dynamics of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides at its southern range edge?' Ecology 91, (10) 2931-2940 , DOI
(2010) 'Alarm substance from adult zebrafish alters early embryonic development in offspring' Biol Lett 6, (4) 525-528 , DOI
(2010) 'Short-term exposure to hypercapnia does not compromise feeding, acid-base balance or respiration of <i>Patella vulgata</i> but surprisingly is accompanied by radula damage' JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM 90, (7) 1379-1384 , DOI
(2010) 'Interaction of ocean acidification and temperature; the high cost of survival in the brittlestar Ophiura ophiura' MARINE BIOLOGY 157, (9) 2001-2013 , DOI
(2010) 'Reduced salinities compromise the thermal tolerance of hypersaline specialist diving beetles' PHYSIOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY 35, (3) 265-273 , DOI
(2010) 'Post-larval development of two intertidal barnacles at elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and temperature' MARINE BIOLOGY 157, (4) 725-735 , DOI
(2010) 'Relative influences of ocean acidification and temperature on intertidal barnacle post-larvae at the northern edge of their geographic distribution' ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE 86, (4) 675-682 , DOI
(2010) 'Effects of hypercapnia on acid-base balance and osmo-/iono-regulation in prawns (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)' AQUATIC BIOLOGY 11, (1) 27-36 , DOI
(2010) 'Impact of medium-term exposure to CO<sub>2</sub> enriched seawater on the physiological functions of the velvet swimming crab <i>Necora puber</i>' AQUATIC BIOLOGY 10, (1) 11-21 , DOI
(2010) 'Salinity-induced heterokairy in an upper-estuarine population of the snail <i>Radix balthica</i> (Mollusca: Pulmonata)' AQUATIC BIOLOGY 9, (1) 95-105 , DOI
(2010) 'Seasonal and temperature effects on osmoregulation by the invasive prawn <i>Palaemon elegans</i> Rathke, 1837 in the Baltic Sea' MARINE BIOLOGY RESEARCH 6, (3) 333-337 , DOI
(2010) 'Physiology and metabolism of Northern krill (Meganyctiphanes norvegica Sars)' Adv Mar Biol 57, 91-126 , DOI
(2010) 'What determines a species' geographical range? Thermal biology and latitudinal range size relationships in European diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)' J Anim Ecol 79, (1) 194-204 , DOI
(2009) 'The effect of CO2 acidified sea water and reduced salinity on aspects of the embryonic development of the amphipod Echinogammarus marinus (Leach)' Mar Pollut Bull 58, (8) 1187-1191 , DOI
(2009) 'Effect of an insect juvenile hormone analogue, Fenoxycarb on development and oxygen uptake by larval lobsters Homarus gammarus (L.)' Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 149, (3) 393-396 , DOI
(2009) 'The use of developmental sequences for assessing evolutionary change in gastropods' AMERICAN MALACOLOGICAL BULLETIN 27, (1-2) 105-111 , DOI
(2009) 'Effect of CO<sub>2</sub>-related acidification on aspects of the larval development of the European lobster, <i>Homarus gammarus</i> (L.)' BIOGEOSCIENCES 6, (8) 1747-1754 , DOI
(2009) 'Embryonic rotational behaviour in the pond snail <i>Lymnaea stagnalis</i>: influences of environmental oxygen and development stage' ZOOLOGY 112, (6) 471-477 , DOI
(2009) 'Future high CO<sub>2</sub> in the intertidal may compromise adult barnacle <i>Semibalanus balanoides</i> survival and embryonic development rate' MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES 389, 193-202 , DOI
(2009) 'Subtle but significant effects of CO<sub>2</sub> acidified seawater on embryos of the intertidal snail, <i>Littorina obtusata</i>' AQUATIC BIOLOGY 5, (1) 41-48 , DOI Open access
(2009) 'The influence of hypercapnia and the infaunal brittlestar <i>Amphiura filiformis</i> on sediment nutrient flux - will ocean acidification affect nutrient exchange?' BIOGEOSCIENCES 6, (10) 2015-2024 , DOI
(2008) 'Ocean acidification may increase calcification rates, but at a cost' Proc Biol Sci 275, (1644) 1767-1773 , DOI
(2008) 'Thermal tolerance, acclimatory capacity and vulnerability to global climate change' Biology Letters 4, (1) 99-102 , DOI
(2008) 'The role of circulating metal ions during shell fights in the hermit crab <i>Pagurus bernhardus</i>' ETHOLOGY 114, (10) 1014-1022 , DOI
(2008) 'Does the effect of low temperature on osmoregulation by the prawn <i>Palaemon elegans</i> Rathke, 1837 explain winter migration offshore?' MARINE BIOLOGY 153, (5) 937-943 , DOI
(2008) 'Effects of ocean acidification on the immune response of the blue mussel <i>Mytilus edulis</i>' AQUATIC BIOLOGY 2, (1) 67-74 , DOI
(2008) 'Novel microcosm system for investigating the effects of elevated carbon dioxide and temperature on intertidal organisms' AQUATIC BIOLOGY 3, (1) 51-62 , DOI
(2007) 'The diving response of a diving beetle: effects of temperature and acidification' Journal of Zoology 273, (3) 289-297 , DOI
(2007) 'The diving response of the diving beetle Ilybius montanus (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae): the effects of temperature and acidification' Journal of Zoology 273, 289-297
(2007) 'An integrative approach identifies developmental sequence heterochronies in freshwater basommatophoran snails' Evolution & Development 9, (2) 122-130
(2007) 'Effects of anthropogenic seawater acidification on acid-base balance in the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris' Marine Pollution Bulletin 54, (1) 89-96 Open access
(2007) 'Influence of CO2-related seawater acidification on extracellular acid-base balance in the velvet swimming crab Necora puber' Marine Biology 151, (3) 1117-1125
(2007) 'Just because they can, doesn't mean they do! The importance of field-based ecophysiology' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology 146, (4) S75-S75
(2007) 'Ocean acidification disrupts induced defences in the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea' Biology Letters 3, (6) 699-701
(2007) 'Plasticity in the timing of physiological development: Physiological heterokairy - What is it, how frequent is it, and does it matter?' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology 148, (4) 712-719
(2007) 'Thermal tolerance and geographic range size in the Agabus brunneus group of European diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)' Journal of Biogeography 35, 295-305
(2007) 'What determines a species' geographic range? Thermal biology and geographical range sizerelationships in European diving beetles' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology 146, (4) S209-S209
(2006) 'The beachflea Platorchestia platensis (Krøyer, 1845): A new addition to the Polish fauna (with a key to Baltic talitrid amphipods)' Oceanologia 48, (2) 321-329
(2006) 'Embryonic larval heart and cardiac response to hypoxia in a prosobanch mollusc' Integrative and Comparative Biology 46, E175-E175
(2006) 'Gut reaction by heartless shrimps: experimental evidence for the role of the gut in generating circulation before cardiac ontogeny' Biology Letters 2, (4) 580-582
(2006) 'Out of place and out of time - towards a more integrated approach to heterochrony' Animal Biology 56, (4) 487-502
(2006) 'The beachflea Platorchestia platensis (Kroyer, 1845): a new addition to the Polish fauna (with a key to Baltic talitrid amphipods)' Oceanologia 48, (2) 287-295
(2005) '2 cells, 4 cells, 8 cells...... Trochophore, veliger, hippo??' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology 141, (3) S124-S125
(2005) 'Effects of oxygen tension on embryonic behavior in the pondsnail, Lymnaea stagnalis' Integrative and Comparative Biology 45, (6) 1115-1115
(2004) 'Current status of an amphipod invader, Arcitalitrus dorrieni (Hunt, 1925), in Britain' Journal of Natural History 38, (13) 1665-1675
(2004) 'Physiological tolerances of the euterrestrial amphipod Arcitalitrus dorrieni (Hunt) as a key to its geographical distribution? A test using mesocosms' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology 139, (2) 251-259
(2004) 'Temperature-dependent physiological response of Carcinus maenas exposed to copper' Marine Environmental Research 58, (2-5) 781-785
(2004) 'Environmental calcium modifies induced defences in snails' Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 271, S67-S70
(2003) 'Between-individual variation in haemocyanin concentrations in the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus following exposure to hypoxia and manganese' Marine Biology 143, (2) 267-273
(2003) 'Between-population variation in haemocyanin subunit composition of the beachflea Orchestia gammarellus (Crustacea : Amphipoda)' Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, (5) 945-947
(2003) 'Development of physiological regulatory systems: altering the timing of crucial events' Zoology 106, (2) 91-99
(2003) 'Environmental tolerances of an invasive terrestrial amphipod, Arcitalitrus dorrieni (Hunt) in Britain' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology 136, (3) 735-747
(2003) 'Following changes in timing during the development of physiological function' Integrative and Comparative Biology 43, (6) 967-967
(2003) 'Metabolic responses to low salinity of the shipworm Teredo navalis (L.)' Sarsia 88, (4) 302-305
(2003) 'Phenotypic plasticity of developmental physiology itineraries: Insights from crustaceans' Integrative and Comparative Biology 43, (6) 939-939
(2003) 'Structural basis for salinity-induced alteration in oxygen binding by haemocyanin from the estuarine amphipod Chaetogammarus marinus (L.)' Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 76, (6) 843-849
(2003) 'Developmental changes in the responses of O-2 uptake and ventilation to acutely declining O-2 tensions in larval krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica' Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 295, (2) 207-218
(2003) 'Does the development of respiratory regulation always accompany the transition from pelagic larvae to benthic fossorial postlarvae in the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus (L.)?' Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 295, (2) 219-243
(2003) 'Increased blooms of a dinoflagellate in the NW Atlantic' Marine Ecology-Progress Series 265, 283-287
(2002) 'Diel vertical migration and the haemocyanin of Norway krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica' Marine Ecology - Progress Series 238, 153-162
(2002) 'Northern krill, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, come up to see the last eclipse of the millennium?' Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, (5) 919-920
(2002) 'Anaerobic capacity of a crustacean sensitive to low environmental oxygen tensions, the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex (L.)' Hydrobiologia 477, (1-3) 189-194
(2001) 'The relationship between range size and niche breadth: a test using five species of<i>Gammarus</i>(Amphipoda)' Global Ecology and Biogeography 10, (2) 179-188 , DOI
(2001) 'Development of cardiac function in crustaceans: Patterns and processes' American Zoologist 41, (5) 1068-1077
(2001) 'Environmental hypoxia and haemocyanin between-individual variability in Norway lobsters Nephrops norvegicus (L.)' Marine Biology 139, (4) 727-734
(2001) 'Student perceptions of a virtual field trip to replace a real field trip' Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 17, (4) 345-354
(2001) 'Subunit compositions of crustacean haemocyanins are species-specific: evidence from non-decapod species' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular & Integrative Physiology 128, (4) 873-888
(2001) 'The relationship between range size and niche breadth: a test using five species of Gammarus (Amphipoda)' Global Ecology and Biogeography 10, 209-218
(2000) 'Cold comfort for krill? Respiratory consequences of diel vertical migration by<i>Meganyctiphanes norvegica</i>into deep hypoxic waters' Ophelia 53, (3) 213-217 , DOI
(2000) 'Natural variation in the concentrations of haemocyanin from three decapod crustaceans, Nephrops norvegicus , Liocarcinus depurator and Hyas aranaeus' Marine Biology 136, (1) 55-61 , DOI
(2000) 'Development of cardiac function in crustaceans: patterns, processes and implications' AMERICAN ZOOLOGIST 40, (6) 1218-1218
(1999) 'Hypoxia accelerates the development of respiratory regulation in brine shrimp – but at a cost' Journal of Experimental Biology 202, (24) 3637-3646 , DOI
(1999) 'Hypoxia accelerates the development of respiratory regulation in brine shrimp - But at a cost' Journal of Experimental Biology 202, (24) 3637-3646
(1999) 'Developmental ecophysiology of the beachflea Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae) III. Physiological competency as a possible explanation for timing of hatchling release' Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 232, (2) 275-283 , DOI
(1999) 'Possessing a poor anaerobic capacity does not prevent the diel vertical migration of Nordic krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica into hypoxic waters' Marine Ecology Progress Series 185, 181-187 , DOI
(1998) 'Do upper thermal tolerances differ in geographically separated populations of the beachflea Orchestia gammarellus (Crustacea: Amphipoda)?' Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 229, (2) 265-276 , DOI
(1998) 'The physiological ecology of talitrid amphipods: an update' Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, (11) 1965-1982 , DOI
(1998) 'Is the reduced metabolism of hypogean amphipods solely a result of food limitation?' Hydrobiologia 377, (1/3) 201-204 , DOI
(1998) 'Reply from K.J. Gaston, T.M. Blackburn and J.I. Spicer' Trends in Ecology & Evolution 13, (6) 242-242 , DOI
(1998) 'Effect of water‐borne zinc on osmoregulation in the freshwater amphipod <i>Gammarus pulex</i> (L.) from populations that differ in their sensitivity to metal stress' Functional Ecology 12, (2) 242-247 , DOI
(1998) 'Rapoport's rule: time for an epitaph?' Trends in Ecology & Evolution 13, (2) 70-74 , DOI
(1996) 'Developmental ecophysiology of the beachflea Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) (Crustacea: Amphipoda) II. Embryonic osmoregulation' Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 207, (1-2) 205-216 , DOI
(1996) 'Developmental ecophysiology of the beachflea Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) (Crustacea: Amphipoda). I. Female control of the embryonic environment' Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 207, (1-2) 191-203 , DOI
(1996) 'Notes on the occurrence of the introduced landhopper<i>Arcitalitrus dorrieni</i>(Hunt, 1925) on Guernsey, Channel Islands' Journal of Natural History 30, (11) 1625-1632 , DOI
(1996) 'Ontogenic changes in cardiac function in crustaceans' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 114, (1) 81-89 , DOI
(1996) 'The Culture of Eggs and Embryos of Amphipod Crustaceans: Implications For Brood Pouch Physiology' Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76, (2) 361-376 , DOI
(1995) 'Effect of water-borne copper on respiratory and cardiac function during the early ontogeny of the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana Kellogg 1908 (Branchiopoda: Anostraca)' Journal of Comparative Physiology B 165, (6) , DOI
(1995) 'Changes in the pattern of osmoregulation in the brackish water amphipod <i>Gammarus duebeni</i> Lilljeborg (crustacea) during embryonic development' Journal of Experimental Zoology 273, (4) 271-281 , DOI
(1995) 'Oxygen and acid-base status of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris during environmental hypoxia' Marine Biology 124, (1) 71-76 , DOI
(1995) 'Oxygen Carriage By the Haemolymph of Hyperiid Amphipods' Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 75, (4) 997-998 , DOI
(1995) 'Ontogeny of respiratory function in crustaceans exhibiting either direct or indirect development' Journal of Experimental Zoology 272, (6) 413-418 , DOI
(1995) 'An Evaluation of the Use of Student‐centred Investigations in Teaching Comparative Animal Physiology to Undergraduates' Research in Science & Technological Education 13, (1) 25-35 , DOI
(1994) 'Ontogeny of cardiac function in the brine shrimp <i>Artemia franciscana</i> Kellogg 1906 (Branchiopoda: Anostraca)' Journal of Experimental Zoology 270, (6) 508-516 , DOI
(1994) 'Acid-base disturbances accompanying emersion in the scallop Pecten maximus (L.)' Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 182, (1) 15-25 , DOI
(1994) 'Oxygen-binding by haemocyanins from an ecological series of amphipod crustaceans' Marine Biology 120, (2) 231-237 , DOI
(1994) 'Effect of low temperature on oxygen uptake and haemolymph ions in the sandhopper <i>Talitrus saltator</i> (Crustacea: Amphipoda)' Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74, (2) 313-321 , DOI
(1994) 'The origin and metabolic significance of exosomatic water in the semi‐terrestrial beachflea, <i>Orchestia gammarellus</i> (Crustacea: Amphipoda)' Journal of Zoology 232, (4) 617-632 , DOI
(1994) 'The use of student-centred investigations in teaching comparative animal physiology' Biochemical Education 22, (1) 14-14 , DOI
(1993) 'Oxygen binding by amphipod (Crustacea) haemocyanins' Marine Behaviour and Physiology 24, (2) 123-136 , DOI
(1993) 'A brief re-examination of the function and regulation of extracellular magnesium and its relationship to activity in crustacean arthropods' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 106, (1) 19-23 , DOI
(1992) 'Respiratory impairment by water-borne copper and zinc in the edible crab cancer pagurus (L.) (Crustacea: Decapoda) during hypoxic exposure' Marine Biology 112, (3) 429-435 , DOI
(1992) 'Haemocyanin oxygen binding and the physiological ecology of a range of talitroidean amphipods (Crustacea)' Journal of Comparative Physiology B 162, (1) , DOI
(1991) 'Haemocyanin oxygen binding and the physiological ecology of a range of talitroidean amphipods (Crustacea) II. Effect of freezing, inorganic ions, and urate on O2 binding in vitro' Journal of Comparative Physiology B 161, (2) , DOI
(1991) 'Acid-base disturbances in the haemolymph of the prawns, Palaemon elegans (Rathke) and P. serratus (Pennant) (Crustacea: Decapoda) during exposure to hypoxia' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 98, (3-4) 445-452 , DOI
(1991) 'Respiratory impairment in crustaceans and molluscs due to exposure to heavy metals' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology 100, (3) 339-342 , DOI
(1990) 'Haemocyanin oxygen binding and the physiological ecology of a range of talitroidean amphipods (Crustacea) I. pH, temperature, and l-lactate sensitivity' Journal of Comparative Physiology B 160, (2) 195-200 , DOI
(1990) '(O2-binding properties of haemocyanin from the sandhopper Talitrus saltator (Montagu, 1808) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)' Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 135, (3) 213-228 , DOI
(1990) 'Effect of aerial exposure on concentrations of selected metabolites in blood of the Norwegian lobsterNephrops norvegicus (Crustacea: Nephropidae)' Marine Biology 105, (1) 129-135 , DOI
(1989) 'Interspecific comparison of the respiratory response to declining oxygen tension and the oxygen transporting properties of the blood of some palaemonid prawns (Crustacea:<i>Palaemonidae)</i>' Marine Behaviour and Physiology 14, (2) 81-91 , DOI
(1989) 'O2-binding by the blood of the landhopper, Arcitalitrus dorrieni (Hunt) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 92, (3) 421-422 , DOI
(1988) 'Acid-base status in the sea urchins Psammechinus miliaris and Echinus esculentus (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) during emersion' Marine Biology 99, (4) 527-534 , DOI
(1987) 'Carbon dioxide transport and acid-base regulation in the blood of the beach-hopper<i>Orchestia gammarellus</i>(Pallas) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)' Ophelia 28, (1) 49-61 , DOI
(1987) 'The physiological ecology of land invasion by the Talitridae (Crustacea: Amphipoda)' Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences 232, (1266) 95-124 , DOI
(1987) 'Metabolic responses of the prawns Palaemon elegans and P. serratus (Crustacea: Decapoda) to acute hypoxia and anoxia' Marine Biology 95, (4) 521-530 , DOI
(1987) 'Respiration in air and water of some semi- and fully terrestrial talitrids (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Talitridae)' Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 106, (3) 265-277 , DOI
(1987) 'Ionic regulation and salinity related changes in haemolymph protein in the semi-terrestrial beachflea Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) (Crustacea: Amphipoda)' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 88, (2) 243-246 , DOI
(1987) 'The relationship between osmoregulation and nitrogen metabolism in the intertidal prawn, Palaemon elegans (Rathke)' Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 88, (2) 291-298 , DOI
(1986) 'A comparative study of the gill area relationships in some talitrid amphipods' Journal of Natural History 20, (4) 935-947 , DOI
(1986) 'On the status of<i>Arcitalitrus dorrieni</i>(Crustacea: Amphipoda) on the island of Colonsay, Inner Hebrides' Journal of Natural History 20, (3) 667-680 , DOI
(1986) 'Oxygen-transporting properties of the blood of two semi-terrestrial amphipods, Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) and O. mediterranea (Costa)' Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 97, (2) 135-150 , DOI
Reviews
(2010) 'PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM OF NORTHERN KRILL (<i>MEGANYCTIPHANES NORVEGICA</i> SARS)' ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY, VOL 57 57, 91-126 , DOI
(2008) 'Predicting the impact of ocean acidification on benthic biodiversity: What can animal physiology tell us?' JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 366, (1-2) 187-197 , DOI
Books
(2006) Biodiversity: A beginner's guide. Oneworld Books, Oxford
Burggren WW; Pelster B; Reiber CL; Spicer JI; Warburton S (2005) New Directions in Developmental Physiology. Oxford University Press: Oxford
(2003) Biodiversity: An introduction. (2nd ed). Blackwells
(2002) BIOPOIKILOTHTA. Mia eisagwgh (Greek Translation of Biodiversity).
(2001) The invertebrates: a new synthesis (3rd edition).
Chapters
(2024) 'Emersion and hypoxia' Ecophysiology of the European Green Crab (Carcinus Maenas) and Related Species Elsevier 207-229 , DOI
(2023) 'Respiration' Frontiers in Invertebrate Physiology: A Collection of Reviews Apple Academic Press 1-54 , DOI
(2018) 'Developmental Plasticity and Heterokairy' in Burggren W; Dubanksy B Development and Environment , DOI
(2011) 'Effects of Ocean Acidification on Sediment Fauna' Ocean Acidification Oxford University Press , DOI
Conference Papers
(2013) 'How oxygen and temperature changes across latitude and elevation determine ecological distribution patterns' E219-E219
(2013) 'The effect of exposure to multiple environmental challenges on multiple physiological responses: an inter-individual approach' E28-E28
(2009) 'Alarm substance alters early embryonic development in two <i>Danio</i> species' S105-S105 , DOI
(2009) 'Synergistic effect of ocean acidification and elevated temperature on the physiological ecology of the intertidal crab <i>Porcellana platycheles</i>' S169-S169 , DOI
(2009) 'Understanding physiological tolerance through thermal limits of three amphipod species' S170-S170 , DOI